Since
the formation of Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards back in
2004, PCI DSS has setup its requirement for financial service providers
and large merchants to use QSAs to carry out onsite assessments and to
check on Compliance and security. QSA stands for Qualified Security
Assessors; it is a designation awarded to individuals by the PCI
Security Standards Council, whom it finds qualifying to execute
consulting services and PCI assessments.
Recently, PCI DSS has
expanded to take in its guidelines for training QSAs and some other
advancement. Still QSAs and the services they provide do vary a lot.
With assessors, the thoroughness, methodologies, technical skills and
some other areas differ a lot.
The PCI DSS V2.0
The PCI DSS
v2.0 released on 30th October includes number of classifications and
further areas of guidance for assessments. The standard according to new
version states that the first step of any PCI DSS assess is to describe
the scope of assessment, by pointing out clear maps (locations and
flows) of cardholder information within a system.
A lot of
organizations are not aware about every single location where the card
holder information is situated in their systems. A QSA must have
understanding about application data handling, network architecture,
operating system security, storage and database technology, and other
business and IT functions in order to carry out those assessments.
Virtualization Technology
A
new guidance has also been added in the PCI DSS v2.0 which is its grant
of using virtualization technologies and how to assess them. As many
organizations are looking to handle cost efficiencies savings through
implementation of application and server virtualization, it is a must
for the QSAs to know more about this technology and how it differs from
the traditional server/client technologies they are using for
assessment.
Through virtualization numerous server instances can
be developed and run from a single physical system. This has been
considered as non compliant by many QSAs in the past. PCI v2.0 Section
2.2.1 permits the use of virtualization; but makes it clear to run only
one function on a single virtual server like one machine will run
database services, while another will be used for running web services.
So it is important for the QSAs to know about virtualization specific
controls, virtual network segmentation and the IT controls which come in
use with the virtualization platforms.
Choosing a QSA
Once
you select a QSA, the relationship might develop into a long one. It is
necessary for the organizations to look for a QSA that knows about the
same technology that is needed to be audited. In order to hire a QSA,
the companies must gather information about business requirements;
develop a detailed interview about past experiences (of QSA) and must
choose a time for onsite review and planning or meeting. Make sure that
the individual QSA you spoke and work with for carrying out collection
of data and assessment and who will eventually be coming onsite for
managing assessment are the same.
The QSA firm will have great
effects on your compliance and security for a long time. Making the
right decision regarding QSA selection will turn out in great advantage
for both fulfilling the PCI DSS Compliance requirements as well as
making your security system for a longer period of time.
https://arsandbox.ucdavis.edu/forums/users/imeocolo/
https://netplusadmdev0.internet2.edu/community/index.php?p=/discussion/19693/1001credit-com
https://sccollege.edu/Library/Lists/Library%20Building%20Survey%20PT%202/DispForm.aspx?ID=6422
https://inet.katz.pitt.edu/studentnet/mba/Lists/casediscussion/DispForm.aspx?ID=734
https://sharepublic.trincoll.edu/SiteDirectory/gmtestblog/Lists/Training%20Request%20Form/DispForm.aspx?ID=2583
http://web.sfusd.edu/Services/research_public/Lists/Sample%20Copy/DispForm.aspx?ID=20362
http://shared.esade.edu/sites/eabis/Lists/Eabis/DispForm.aspx?ID=8459
https://setiathome.berkeley.edu/show_user.php?userid=10929816
https://numberfields.asu.edu/NumberFields/show_user.php?userid=104693
https://setiweb.ssl.berkeley.edu/beta/team_display.php?teamid=627806
http://volunteer.cs.und.edu/csg/team_display.php?teamid=418883
http://qcn.usc.edu/sensor/team_display.php?teamid=15322
https://www.business.unsw.edu.au/forms-site/surveys/Lists/SMY%20Profile%20Information%20January%202016%20Intake/DispForm.aspx?ID=1343
https://my.dbq.edu/ICS/Campus_Life/Campus_Groups/Web_Of_Life/Discussion.jnz?portlet=Forums&screen=PostView&screenType=change&id=d660d005-ea89-402b-8c6f-565e65a98155
http://forms-int.dmacc.edu/public/Lists/LegalCommSurvey/DispForm.aspx?ID=208
https://www.cgc.edu/Academics/LearningCenter/Lists/Learning%20Center%20Evaluation/DispForm.aspx?ID=9299
https://publicportal.chaminade.edu/alumnicelebration/Lists/2016AlumniCelebrationSurvey/DispForm.aspx?ID=5770
https://my.uttc.edu/ICS/Academics/CEU/CEU__000/2008_40-CEU__000-B/Collaboration.jnz?portlet=Forums&screen=PostView&screenType=change&id=08a2dba2-219a-4f4e-8937-31b261a4ff4e
https://teamsites.middlesex.mass.edu/surveys/Lists/MA%20CC%20Marketing%20Survey/DispForm.aspx?ID=1434
http://esri.handong.edu/english/profile.php?mode=viewprofile&u=imeocolo
Wednesday, April 29, 2020
A Brief Introduction to Artificial Intelligence For Normal People
Lately,
artificial intelligence has been very much the hot topic in Silicon
Valley and the broader tech scene. To those of us involved in that scene
it feels like an incredible momentum is building around the topic, with
all kinds of companies building A.I. into the core of their business.
There has also been a rise in A.I.-related university courses which is
seeing a wave of extremely bright new talent rolling into the employment
market. But this is not a simple case of confirmation bias - interest
in the topic has been on the rise since mid-2014.
The noise around the subject is only going to increase, and for the layman it is all very confusing. Depending on what you read, it's easy to believe that we're headed for an apocalyptic Skynet-style obliteration at the hands of cold, calculating supercomputers, or that we're all going to live forever as purely digital entities in some kind of cloud-based artificial world. In other words, either The Terminator or The Matrix are imminently about to become disturbingly prophetic.
Should we be worried or excited? And what does it all mean?
Will robots take over the world?
When I jumped onto the A.I. bandwagon in late 2014, I knew very little about it. Although I have been involved with web technologies for over 20 years, I hold an English Literature degree and am more engaged with the business and creative possibilities of technology than the science behind it. I was drawn to A.I. because of its positive potential, but when I read warnings from the likes of Stephen Hawking about the apocalyptic dangers lurking in our future, I naturally became as concerned as anybody else would.
So I did what I normally do when something worries me: I started learning about it so that I could understand it. More than a year's worth of constant reading, talking, listening, watching, tinkering and studying has led me to a pretty solid understanding of what it all means, and I want to spend the next few paragraphs sharing that knowledge in the hopes of enlightening anybody else who is curious but naively afraid of this amazing new world.
Oh, if you just want the answer to the headline above, the answer is: yes, they will. Sorry.
How the machines have learned to learn
The first thing I discovered was that artificial intelligence, as an industry term, has actually been going since 1956, and has had multiple booms and busts in that period. In the 1960s the A.I. industry was bathing in a golden era of research with Western governments, universities and big businesses throwing enormous amounts of money at the sector in the hopes of building a brave new world. But in the mid seventies, when it became apparent that A.I. was not delivering on its promise, the industry bubble burst and the funding dried up. In the 1980s, as computers became more popular, another A.I. boom emerged with similar levels of mind-boggling investment being poured into various enterprises. But, again, the sector failed to deliver and the inevitable bust followed.
To understand why these booms failed to stick, you first need to understand what artificial intelligence actually is. The short answer to that (and believe me, there are very very long answers out there) is that A.I. is a number of different overlapping technologies which broadly deal with the challenge of how to use data to make a decision about something. It incorporates a lot of different disciplines and technologies (Big Data or Internet of Things, anyone?) but the most important one is a concept called machine learning.
Machine learning basically involves feeding computers large amounts of data and letting them analyse that data to extract patterns from which they can draw conclusions. You have probably seen this in action with face recognition technology (such as on Facebook or modern digital cameras and smartphones), where the computer can identify and frame human faces in photographs. In order to do this, the computers are referencing an enormous library of photos of people's faces and have learned to spot the characteristics of a human face from shapes and colours averaged out over a dataset of hundreds of millions of different examples. This process is basically the same for any application of machine learning, from fraud detection (analysing purchasing patterns from credit card purchase histories) to generative art (analysing patterns in paintings and randomly generating pictures using those learned patterns).
As you might imagine, crunching through enormous datasets to extract patterns requires a LOT of computer processing power. In the 1960s they simply didn't have machines powerful enough to do it, which is why that boom failed. In the 1980s the computers were powerful enough, but they discovered that machines only learn effectively when the volume of data being fed to them is large enough, and they were unable to source large enough amounts of data to feed the machines.
Then came the internet. Not only did it solve the computing problem once and for all through the innovations of cloud computing - which essentially allow us to access as many processors as we need at the touch of a button - but people on the internet have been generating more data every day than has ever been produced in the entire history of planet earth. The amount of data being produced on a constant basis is absolutely mind-boggling.
What this means for machine learning is significant: we now have more than enough data to truly start training our machines. Think of the number of photos on Facebook and you start to understand why their facial recognition technology is so accurate.
There is now no major barrier (that we currently know of) preventing A.I. from achieving its potential. We are only just starting to work out what we can do with it.
When the computers will think for themselves
There is a famous scene from the movie 2001: A Space Odyssey where Dave, the main character, is slowly disabling the artificial intelligence mainframe (called "Hal") after the latter has malfunctioned and decided to try and kill all the humans on the space station it was meant to be running. Hal, the A.I., protests Dave's actions and eerily proclaims that it is afraid of dying.
This movie illustrates one of the big fears surrounding A.I. in general, namely what will happen once the computers start to think for themselves instead of being controlled by humans. The fear is valid: we are already working with machine learning constructs called neural networks whose structures are based on the neurons in the human brain. With neural nets, the data is fed in and then processed through a vastly complex network of interconnected points that build connections between concepts in much the same way as associative human memory does. This means that computers are slowly starting to build up a library of not just patterns, but also concepts which ultimately lead to the basic foundations of understanding instead of just recognition.
Imagine you are looking at a photograph of somebody's face. When you first see the photo, a lot of things happen in your brain: first, you recognise that it is a human face. Next, you might recognise that it is male or female, young or old, black or white, etc. You will also have a quick decision from your brain about whether you recognise the face, though sometimes the recognition requires deeper thinking depending on how often you have been exposed to this particular face (the experience of recognising a person but not knowing straight away from where). All of this happens pretty much instantly, and computers are already capable of doing all of this too, at almost the same speed. For example, Facebook can not only identify faces, but can also tell you who the face belongs to, if said person is also on Facebook. Google has technology that can identify the race, age and other characteristics of a person based just on a photo of their face. We have come a long way since the 1950s.
But true artificial intelligence - which is referred to as Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), where the machine is as advanced as a human brain - is a long way off. Machines can recognise faces, but they still don't really know what a face is. For example, you might look at a human face and infer a lot of things that are drawn from a hugely complicated mesh of different memories, learnings and feelings. You might look at a photo of a woman and guess that she is a mother, which in turn might make you assume that she is selfless, or indeed the opposite depending on your own experiences of mothers and motherhood. A man might look at the same photo and find the woman attractive which will lead him to make positive assumptions about her personality (confirmation bias again), or conversely find that she resembles a crazy ex girlfriend which will irrationally make him feel negatively towards the woman. These richly varied but often illogical thoughts and experiences are what drive humans to the various behaviours - good and bad - that characterise our race. Desperation often leads to innovation, fear leads to aggression, and so on.
For computers to truly be dangerous, they need some of these emotional compulsions, but this is a very rich, complex and multi-layered tapestry of different concepts that is very difficult to train a computer on, no matter how advanced neural networks may be. We will get there one day, but there is plenty of time to make sure that when computers do achieve AGI, we will still be able to switch them off if needed.
https://arsandbox.ucdavis.edu/forums/users/ainegree/
https://netplusadmdev0.internet2.edu/community/index.php?p=/discussion/19692/ekskursii-v-vene
https://sccollege.edu/Library/Lists/Library%20Building%20Survey%20PT%202/DispForm.aspx?ID=3014
https://inet.katz.pitt.edu/studentnet/mba/Lists/casediscussion/DispForm.aspx?ID=728
https://sharepublic.trincoll.edu/SiteDirectory/gmtestblog/Lists/Training%20Request%20Form/DispForm.aspx?ID=2560
http://web.sfusd.edu/Services/research_public/Lists/Sample%20Copy/DispForm.aspx?ID=15799
http://shared.esade.edu/sites/eabis/Lists/Eabis/DispForm.aspx?ID=8425
https://setiathome.berkeley.edu/show_user.php?userid=10929167
https://numberfields.asu.edu/NumberFields/show_user.php?userid=104645
https://setiweb.ssl.berkeley.edu/beta/team_display.php?teamid=621912
http://volunteer.cs.und.edu/csg/team_display.php?teamid=417296
http://qcn.usc.edu/sensor/team_display.php?teamid=15279
https://www.business.unsw.edu.au/forms-site/surveys/Lists/SMY%20Profile%20Information%20January%202016%20Intake/DispForm.aspx?ID=1334
https://my.dbq.edu/ICS/Campus_Life/Campus_Groups/Web_Of_Life/Discussion.jnz?portlet=Forums&screen=PostView&screenType=change&id=51cae643-c3cc-4ab2-883b-51d11233e623
http://forms-int.dmacc.edu/public/Lists/LegalCommSurvey/DispForm.aspx?ID=204
https://www.cgc.edu/Academics/LearningCenter/Lists/Learning%20Center%20Evaluation/DispForm.aspx?ID=5925
https://publicportal.chaminade.edu/alumnicelebration/Lists/2016AlumniCelebrationSurvey/DispForm.aspx?ID=2420
https://my.uttc.edu/ICS/Academics/CEU/CEU__000/2008_40-CEU__000-B/Collaboration.jnz?portlet=Forums&screen=PostView&screenType=change&id=930586f5-8806-4a79-a184-8fd3eb6a2463
https://teamsites.middlesex.mass.edu/surveys/Lists/MA%20CC%20Marketing%20Survey/DispForm.aspx?ID=1418
http://esri.handong.edu/english/profile.php?mode=viewprofile&u=ainegree
The noise around the subject is only going to increase, and for the layman it is all very confusing. Depending on what you read, it's easy to believe that we're headed for an apocalyptic Skynet-style obliteration at the hands of cold, calculating supercomputers, or that we're all going to live forever as purely digital entities in some kind of cloud-based artificial world. In other words, either The Terminator or The Matrix are imminently about to become disturbingly prophetic.
Should we be worried or excited? And what does it all mean?
Will robots take over the world?
When I jumped onto the A.I. bandwagon in late 2014, I knew very little about it. Although I have been involved with web technologies for over 20 years, I hold an English Literature degree and am more engaged with the business and creative possibilities of technology than the science behind it. I was drawn to A.I. because of its positive potential, but when I read warnings from the likes of Stephen Hawking about the apocalyptic dangers lurking in our future, I naturally became as concerned as anybody else would.
So I did what I normally do when something worries me: I started learning about it so that I could understand it. More than a year's worth of constant reading, talking, listening, watching, tinkering and studying has led me to a pretty solid understanding of what it all means, and I want to spend the next few paragraphs sharing that knowledge in the hopes of enlightening anybody else who is curious but naively afraid of this amazing new world.
Oh, if you just want the answer to the headline above, the answer is: yes, they will. Sorry.
How the machines have learned to learn
The first thing I discovered was that artificial intelligence, as an industry term, has actually been going since 1956, and has had multiple booms and busts in that period. In the 1960s the A.I. industry was bathing in a golden era of research with Western governments, universities and big businesses throwing enormous amounts of money at the sector in the hopes of building a brave new world. But in the mid seventies, when it became apparent that A.I. was not delivering on its promise, the industry bubble burst and the funding dried up. In the 1980s, as computers became more popular, another A.I. boom emerged with similar levels of mind-boggling investment being poured into various enterprises. But, again, the sector failed to deliver and the inevitable bust followed.
To understand why these booms failed to stick, you first need to understand what artificial intelligence actually is. The short answer to that (and believe me, there are very very long answers out there) is that A.I. is a number of different overlapping technologies which broadly deal with the challenge of how to use data to make a decision about something. It incorporates a lot of different disciplines and technologies (Big Data or Internet of Things, anyone?) but the most important one is a concept called machine learning.
Machine learning basically involves feeding computers large amounts of data and letting them analyse that data to extract patterns from which they can draw conclusions. You have probably seen this in action with face recognition technology (such as on Facebook or modern digital cameras and smartphones), where the computer can identify and frame human faces in photographs. In order to do this, the computers are referencing an enormous library of photos of people's faces and have learned to spot the characteristics of a human face from shapes and colours averaged out over a dataset of hundreds of millions of different examples. This process is basically the same for any application of machine learning, from fraud detection (analysing purchasing patterns from credit card purchase histories) to generative art (analysing patterns in paintings and randomly generating pictures using those learned patterns).
As you might imagine, crunching through enormous datasets to extract patterns requires a LOT of computer processing power. In the 1960s they simply didn't have machines powerful enough to do it, which is why that boom failed. In the 1980s the computers were powerful enough, but they discovered that machines only learn effectively when the volume of data being fed to them is large enough, and they were unable to source large enough amounts of data to feed the machines.
Then came the internet. Not only did it solve the computing problem once and for all through the innovations of cloud computing - which essentially allow us to access as many processors as we need at the touch of a button - but people on the internet have been generating more data every day than has ever been produced in the entire history of planet earth. The amount of data being produced on a constant basis is absolutely mind-boggling.
What this means for machine learning is significant: we now have more than enough data to truly start training our machines. Think of the number of photos on Facebook and you start to understand why their facial recognition technology is so accurate.
There is now no major barrier (that we currently know of) preventing A.I. from achieving its potential. We are only just starting to work out what we can do with it.
When the computers will think for themselves
There is a famous scene from the movie 2001: A Space Odyssey where Dave, the main character, is slowly disabling the artificial intelligence mainframe (called "Hal") after the latter has malfunctioned and decided to try and kill all the humans on the space station it was meant to be running. Hal, the A.I., protests Dave's actions and eerily proclaims that it is afraid of dying.
This movie illustrates one of the big fears surrounding A.I. in general, namely what will happen once the computers start to think for themselves instead of being controlled by humans. The fear is valid: we are already working with machine learning constructs called neural networks whose structures are based on the neurons in the human brain. With neural nets, the data is fed in and then processed through a vastly complex network of interconnected points that build connections between concepts in much the same way as associative human memory does. This means that computers are slowly starting to build up a library of not just patterns, but also concepts which ultimately lead to the basic foundations of understanding instead of just recognition.
Imagine you are looking at a photograph of somebody's face. When you first see the photo, a lot of things happen in your brain: first, you recognise that it is a human face. Next, you might recognise that it is male or female, young or old, black or white, etc. You will also have a quick decision from your brain about whether you recognise the face, though sometimes the recognition requires deeper thinking depending on how often you have been exposed to this particular face (the experience of recognising a person but not knowing straight away from where). All of this happens pretty much instantly, and computers are already capable of doing all of this too, at almost the same speed. For example, Facebook can not only identify faces, but can also tell you who the face belongs to, if said person is also on Facebook. Google has technology that can identify the race, age and other characteristics of a person based just on a photo of their face. We have come a long way since the 1950s.
But true artificial intelligence - which is referred to as Artificial General Intelligence (AGI), where the machine is as advanced as a human brain - is a long way off. Machines can recognise faces, but they still don't really know what a face is. For example, you might look at a human face and infer a lot of things that are drawn from a hugely complicated mesh of different memories, learnings and feelings. You might look at a photo of a woman and guess that she is a mother, which in turn might make you assume that she is selfless, or indeed the opposite depending on your own experiences of mothers and motherhood. A man might look at the same photo and find the woman attractive which will lead him to make positive assumptions about her personality (confirmation bias again), or conversely find that she resembles a crazy ex girlfriend which will irrationally make him feel negatively towards the woman. These richly varied but often illogical thoughts and experiences are what drive humans to the various behaviours - good and bad - that characterise our race. Desperation often leads to innovation, fear leads to aggression, and so on.
For computers to truly be dangerous, they need some of these emotional compulsions, but this is a very rich, complex and multi-layered tapestry of different concepts that is very difficult to train a computer on, no matter how advanced neural networks may be. We will get there one day, but there is plenty of time to make sure that when computers do achieve AGI, we will still be able to switch them off if needed.
https://arsandbox.ucdavis.edu/forums/users/ainegree/
https://netplusadmdev0.internet2.edu/community/index.php?p=/discussion/19692/ekskursii-v-vene
https://sccollege.edu/Library/Lists/Library%20Building%20Survey%20PT%202/DispForm.aspx?ID=3014
https://inet.katz.pitt.edu/studentnet/mba/Lists/casediscussion/DispForm.aspx?ID=728
https://sharepublic.trincoll.edu/SiteDirectory/gmtestblog/Lists/Training%20Request%20Form/DispForm.aspx?ID=2560
http://web.sfusd.edu/Services/research_public/Lists/Sample%20Copy/DispForm.aspx?ID=15799
http://shared.esade.edu/sites/eabis/Lists/Eabis/DispForm.aspx?ID=8425
https://setiathome.berkeley.edu/show_user.php?userid=10929167
https://numberfields.asu.edu/NumberFields/show_user.php?userid=104645
https://setiweb.ssl.berkeley.edu/beta/team_display.php?teamid=621912
http://volunteer.cs.und.edu/csg/team_display.php?teamid=417296
http://qcn.usc.edu/sensor/team_display.php?teamid=15279
https://www.business.unsw.edu.au/forms-site/surveys/Lists/SMY%20Profile%20Information%20January%202016%20Intake/DispForm.aspx?ID=1334
https://my.dbq.edu/ICS/Campus_Life/Campus_Groups/Web_Of_Life/Discussion.jnz?portlet=Forums&screen=PostView&screenType=change&id=51cae643-c3cc-4ab2-883b-51d11233e623
http://forms-int.dmacc.edu/public/Lists/LegalCommSurvey/DispForm.aspx?ID=204
https://www.cgc.edu/Academics/LearningCenter/Lists/Learning%20Center%20Evaluation/DispForm.aspx?ID=5925
https://publicportal.chaminade.edu/alumnicelebration/Lists/2016AlumniCelebrationSurvey/DispForm.aspx?ID=2420
https://my.uttc.edu/ICS/Academics/CEU/CEU__000/2008_40-CEU__000-B/Collaboration.jnz?portlet=Forums&screen=PostView&screenType=change&id=930586f5-8806-4a79-a184-8fd3eb6a2463
https://teamsites.middlesex.mass.edu/surveys/Lists/MA%20CC%20Marketing%20Survey/DispForm.aspx?ID=1418
http://esri.handong.edu/english/profile.php?mode=viewprofile&u=ainegree
LI-FI - An Economical and Eco-Friendly Alternative
With
the advances in technology, every day a new idea is being nurtured in
some one's mind that might change the way we function. One such ground
breaking idea popped in the mind of a brilliant Professor in University
of Edinburg, UK, Harald Haas back in 2003. His idea was to use Light
Emitting Diodes as a medium to transfer data from one system to another.
This topic became widely popular after his TED Talk in 2011.
Now, the question of the hour is what exactly is LI FI?
LI-FI is a short hand representation for Light Fidelity. Fidelity as per a dictionary is being faithful. As per its name, it can be safely said that this technology functions on light.
In simple terms, it is a possible alternate to Wi-Fi. While Wi-Fi uses radio signals wirelessly, LI-FI is the concept of using visible Light Spectrum.
Getting into details, LI-FI works with the LED lights that are turned into wireless transmitters. To receive data from these lights, we need a dongle of sorts, that acts like a modem. This dongle can be connected to a laptop or a tablet. They can be connected to the tablets or laptops through USB Ports. There is a sensor in the modem that catches the light coming down, and then an infrared component that sends the signal back to the light source.
The LED Lights have a networking component that allow multiple users to get connected to a single light source and give the ability to move from one light source to another without losing the connection.
The long term aim of the innovator is to get this technology inside various devices and lighting grids. In order to make this technology widely adaptable, it is necessary to compress the dongle into an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) or SoC (System on a Chip), to make it easily incorporated into various devices like smartphones, laptops, tablets, accessories and many more.
Advantages of Adopting LI-FI
Now, the question of the hour is what exactly is LI FI?
LI-FI is a short hand representation for Light Fidelity. Fidelity as per a dictionary is being faithful. As per its name, it can be safely said that this technology functions on light.
In simple terms, it is a possible alternate to Wi-Fi. While Wi-Fi uses radio signals wirelessly, LI-FI is the concept of using visible Light Spectrum.
Getting into details, LI-FI works with the LED lights that are turned into wireless transmitters. To receive data from these lights, we need a dongle of sorts, that acts like a modem. This dongle can be connected to a laptop or a tablet. They can be connected to the tablets or laptops through USB Ports. There is a sensor in the modem that catches the light coming down, and then an infrared component that sends the signal back to the light source.
The LED Lights have a networking component that allow multiple users to get connected to a single light source and give the ability to move from one light source to another without losing the connection.
The long term aim of the innovator is to get this technology inside various devices and lighting grids. In order to make this technology widely adaptable, it is necessary to compress the dongle into an ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) or SoC (System on a Chip), to make it easily incorporated into various devices like smartphones, laptops, tablets, accessories and many more.
Advantages of Adopting LI-FI
- As light doesn't penetrate through walls, this technology allows the users to create secure networks with much higher security.
- The strength of the network can be enhanced with increasing the number of light sources. This can lead to a much efficient network.
- Once these sensors and dongles become more adoptable, we can use a low cost, low power consuming and environment friendly technology in our day-to day lives.
- LI-FI has the calibre to boost its capacity to transfer the data at a rate that can be roughly 100 times of Wi-Fi technology by the usage of laser LEDs.
- The LI-FI network allows the users the roam around the room or anywhere in the installed lightning grid.
- LI-FI adoption can reduce the strain from the existing networks and free the bandwidth for outdoors.
Data Center, Server, Computer and Laptop Hard Drive Destruction
An
extensive title, but it is all-encompassing none the less. In my 14
plus years of touching devices, I can say that I have seen and felt
thousands of pieces of equipment. Though the scenarios in which I am
working with the different types of equipment, and the clients certainly
do vary. So what are some of the situations that allow for me to handle
these various pieces of equipment? Good question, so here is my short
list... data center relocations, A/V relocations, data center
decommissioning, and green recycling projects.
I would attest that physical security in my field of work is number one, and my clients feel the same way. My thought is the people I work with are so aware (nervous) about chain of custody, CYA, and the end result being nothing less than exceptional. This is no matter the scope of work we are performing. I often find myself hearing clients expressing in a subtle way that they really want to know I care about their project, reputation, and it's not just about hitting their wallets as hard and fast as I can. My work ethic is such that the part in which I have played in a client's project makes think I leave a little bit of myself behind each time. So yes I am emotionally involved in each and every client/client project.
Leaving the various scopes of work on hold for a moment, there is one particular aspect often discussed with clients. It's pretty much standard conversation, and if it isn't, I am without a doubt going to spark conversation on it. The title of this article says it all, Hard Drive & Media Destruction. I would like to educate you on the simple definition of destruction. Destruction is a noun, pronounced /dYÈstrYkSH(Y)n/; and the definition is the action or process of causing so much damage to something that it no longer exists or cannot be repaired.
I have such a deep emotional tie to the services I am involved in, and look/prepare for worst case 100% of the time. The simple reason (not really) is that I have been performing tech services for over a decade and have seen/heard most of it. To be honest I still see many new things, but this is off topic.
So in keeping this article to the point and direct, there is only one way to create a safe end of life solution for your data storage, BY DESTROYING IT (then green recycle). Companies and people alike take our environment into consideration more now than in the past with green recycling the massive amounts of e-waste. Far more people in the past (and now) did not consider the data held on hard drives, and would call the recycling guy to come down and "haul" their junk to be "recycled". Like anything in life, all business and work ethic are not created equally. Some of that "recycled" equipment and hard drives that were supposed to be "junked" in fact ended up on online auction sites, and sold locally. This, then and now is a PR nightmare, and can often times never be undone. Especially if the data on the hard drives was extracted by someone who shouldn't have it. Remember that your companies name is attached to the equipment as well, so we wouldn't want to hear reports of "junked" equipment being found with your asset tag or serial number down by the local river.
Some fly by night "recyclers" were found not even attempting to remove the data from hard drives, or they were using "formatting" software to "erase" the hard drives. The problem is, if you are a targeted company or person; there are a multitude of people that have the abilities to recover data from a "erased" hard drive. This is one scenario from the past, and it is just as relevant today! Change the story line just a little, and it applies no matter.
IBM sponsored the 11th annual Cost of Data Breach Study, which is the industry's gold-standard benchmark research, independently conducted by Ponemon Institute. 2016's study found the average consolidated total cost of a data breach grew from $3.8 million in 2015 to $4 million dollars! In addition to the data breach cost data, Ponemon Institute's global study puts the likelihood of a material data breach involving 10,000 lost or stolen records within the next 24 months at 26%. These numbers will make you lose your breath, and I hope it doesn't make you lose sleep because of your last hard drive, media, and recycling pickup.
The entire point of this article is to raise your awareness on data breaches, and theft of data. Unless you plan to keep and redeploy not in use hard drives internally, please mechanically shred all hard drives and media storage! In my opinion the risk in using 3rd party applications to delete drive prior to disposing, or trusting someone to take your intact hard drives away isn't worth your reputation or your companies.
I believe in what I do, and also base my belief in the end result. An absolute solution for hard drive disposal and destruction is by one simple method, mechanically shredding drives... period.
https://arsandbox.ucdavis.edu/forums/users/yldaperk/
https://netplusadmdev0.internet2.edu/community/index.php?p=/discussion/19691/excursions
https://sccollege.edu/Library/Lists/Library%20Building%20Survey%20PT%202/DispForm.aspx?ID=3013
https://inet.katz.pitt.edu/studentnet/mba/Lists/casediscussion/DispForm.aspx?ID=727
https://sharepublic.trincoll.edu/SiteDirectory/gmtestblog/Lists/Training%20Request%20Form/DispForm.aspx?ID=2559
http://web.sfusd.edu/Services/research_public/Lists/Sample%20Copy/DispForm.aspx?ID=15797
http://shared.esade.edu/sites/eabis/Lists/Eabis/DispForm.aspx?ID=8424
https://setiathome.berkeley.edu/show_user.php?userid=10929166
https://numberfields.asu.edu/NumberFields/show_user.php?userid=104644
https://setiweb.ssl.berkeley.edu/beta/team_display.php?teamid=621908
http://volunteer.cs.und.edu/csg/team_display.php?teamid=417292
http://qcn.usc.edu/sensor/team_display.php?teamid=15278
https://www.business.unsw.edu.au/forms-site/surveys/Lists/SMY%20Profile%20Information%20January%202016%20Intake/DispForm.aspx?ID=1333
https://my.dbq.edu/ICS/Campus_Life/Campus_Groups/Web_Of_Life/Discussion.jnz?portlet=Forums&screen=PostView&screenType=change&id=1013eb88-b21e-444d-a0b0-36d9e215cfbc
http://forms-int.dmacc.edu/public/Lists/LegalCommSurvey/DispForm.aspx?ID=199
https://www.cgc.edu/Academics/LearningCenter/Lists/Learning%20Center%20Evaluation/DispForm.aspx?ID=5923
https://publicportal.chaminade.edu/alumnicelebration/Lists/2016AlumniCelebrationSurvey/DispForm.aspx?ID=2419
https://my.uttc.edu/ICS/Academics/CEU/CEU__000/2008_40-CEU__000-B/Collaboration.jnz?portlet=Forums&screen=PostView&screenType=change&id=72eb0b18-dd02-461b-a88c-56f361a012a4
https://teamsites.middlesex.mass.edu/surveys/Lists/MA%20CC%20Marketing%20Survey/DispForm.aspx?ID=1417
http://esri.handong.edu/english/profile.php?mode=viewprofile&u=yldaperk
I would attest that physical security in my field of work is number one, and my clients feel the same way. My thought is the people I work with are so aware (nervous) about chain of custody, CYA, and the end result being nothing less than exceptional. This is no matter the scope of work we are performing. I often find myself hearing clients expressing in a subtle way that they really want to know I care about their project, reputation, and it's not just about hitting their wallets as hard and fast as I can. My work ethic is such that the part in which I have played in a client's project makes think I leave a little bit of myself behind each time. So yes I am emotionally involved in each and every client/client project.
Leaving the various scopes of work on hold for a moment, there is one particular aspect often discussed with clients. It's pretty much standard conversation, and if it isn't, I am without a doubt going to spark conversation on it. The title of this article says it all, Hard Drive & Media Destruction. I would like to educate you on the simple definition of destruction. Destruction is a noun, pronounced /dYÈstrYkSH(Y)n/; and the definition is the action or process of causing so much damage to something that it no longer exists or cannot be repaired.
I have such a deep emotional tie to the services I am involved in, and look/prepare for worst case 100% of the time. The simple reason (not really) is that I have been performing tech services for over a decade and have seen/heard most of it. To be honest I still see many new things, but this is off topic.
So in keeping this article to the point and direct, there is only one way to create a safe end of life solution for your data storage, BY DESTROYING IT (then green recycle). Companies and people alike take our environment into consideration more now than in the past with green recycling the massive amounts of e-waste. Far more people in the past (and now) did not consider the data held on hard drives, and would call the recycling guy to come down and "haul" their junk to be "recycled". Like anything in life, all business and work ethic are not created equally. Some of that "recycled" equipment and hard drives that were supposed to be "junked" in fact ended up on online auction sites, and sold locally. This, then and now is a PR nightmare, and can often times never be undone. Especially if the data on the hard drives was extracted by someone who shouldn't have it. Remember that your companies name is attached to the equipment as well, so we wouldn't want to hear reports of "junked" equipment being found with your asset tag or serial number down by the local river.
Some fly by night "recyclers" were found not even attempting to remove the data from hard drives, or they were using "formatting" software to "erase" the hard drives. The problem is, if you are a targeted company or person; there are a multitude of people that have the abilities to recover data from a "erased" hard drive. This is one scenario from the past, and it is just as relevant today! Change the story line just a little, and it applies no matter.
IBM sponsored the 11th annual Cost of Data Breach Study, which is the industry's gold-standard benchmark research, independently conducted by Ponemon Institute. 2016's study found the average consolidated total cost of a data breach grew from $3.8 million in 2015 to $4 million dollars! In addition to the data breach cost data, Ponemon Institute's global study puts the likelihood of a material data breach involving 10,000 lost or stolen records within the next 24 months at 26%. These numbers will make you lose your breath, and I hope it doesn't make you lose sleep because of your last hard drive, media, and recycling pickup.
The entire point of this article is to raise your awareness on data breaches, and theft of data. Unless you plan to keep and redeploy not in use hard drives internally, please mechanically shred all hard drives and media storage! In my opinion the risk in using 3rd party applications to delete drive prior to disposing, or trusting someone to take your intact hard drives away isn't worth your reputation or your companies.
I believe in what I do, and also base my belief in the end result. An absolute solution for hard drive disposal and destruction is by one simple method, mechanically shredding drives... period.
https://arsandbox.ucdavis.edu/forums/users/yldaperk/
https://netplusadmdev0.internet2.edu/community/index.php?p=/discussion/19691/excursions
https://sccollege.edu/Library/Lists/Library%20Building%20Survey%20PT%202/DispForm.aspx?ID=3013
https://inet.katz.pitt.edu/studentnet/mba/Lists/casediscussion/DispForm.aspx?ID=727
https://sharepublic.trincoll.edu/SiteDirectory/gmtestblog/Lists/Training%20Request%20Form/DispForm.aspx?ID=2559
http://web.sfusd.edu/Services/research_public/Lists/Sample%20Copy/DispForm.aspx?ID=15797
http://shared.esade.edu/sites/eabis/Lists/Eabis/DispForm.aspx?ID=8424
https://setiathome.berkeley.edu/show_user.php?userid=10929166
https://numberfields.asu.edu/NumberFields/show_user.php?userid=104644
https://setiweb.ssl.berkeley.edu/beta/team_display.php?teamid=621908
http://volunteer.cs.und.edu/csg/team_display.php?teamid=417292
http://qcn.usc.edu/sensor/team_display.php?teamid=15278
https://www.business.unsw.edu.au/forms-site/surveys/Lists/SMY%20Profile%20Information%20January%202016%20Intake/DispForm.aspx?ID=1333
https://my.dbq.edu/ICS/Campus_Life/Campus_Groups/Web_Of_Life/Discussion.jnz?portlet=Forums&screen=PostView&screenType=change&id=1013eb88-b21e-444d-a0b0-36d9e215cfbc
http://forms-int.dmacc.edu/public/Lists/LegalCommSurvey/DispForm.aspx?ID=199
https://www.cgc.edu/Academics/LearningCenter/Lists/Learning%20Center%20Evaluation/DispForm.aspx?ID=5923
https://publicportal.chaminade.edu/alumnicelebration/Lists/2016AlumniCelebrationSurvey/DispForm.aspx?ID=2419
https://my.uttc.edu/ICS/Academics/CEU/CEU__000/2008_40-CEU__000-B/Collaboration.jnz?portlet=Forums&screen=PostView&screenType=change&id=72eb0b18-dd02-461b-a88c-56f361a012a4
https://teamsites.middlesex.mass.edu/surveys/Lists/MA%20CC%20Marketing%20Survey/DispForm.aspx?ID=1417
http://esri.handong.edu/english/profile.php?mode=viewprofile&u=yldaperk
USB Memory Sticks - Advantages Over Disc Formats
USB
sticks, or flash drives as they are also known, are becoming an ever
more popular format for the transfer of data between businesses and also
to for business promotion to potential customers. At the current time
of creating of this article (March 2016), memory sticks that are capable
of holding as much as 512 GB of data can be purchased easily on-line at
a surprisingly low cost. Amazingly, a USB drive that will hold 1TB of
data can also be obtained, but currently, these are expensive. The rate
of technological advance will mean that the current high price will
tumble over the next twelve months as order numbers grow and
manufacturing costs are lowered due to bulk purchases.
A 512 GB USB stick can contain the same amount of information as over 20 regular Blu-ray DVD discs. The format may currently be a little more costly than the Blu-ray DVD discs but there is little to compare in terms of the convenience of the format as opposed to a pile of Blu-ray DVDs. The USB drive occupies little space and can be secured using a keyring or kept safely in a small pocket in a laptop bag or with ease. 20 Blu-ray DVDs, however, occupy a lot more space and would be much more inconvenient to have to transport.
At the other end of the scale, a memory stick with a capacity of 128 MB can be purchased inexpensively if the information files to be held on it are only small.
USB Sticks - Volume Production and Customised Casings
The ever- increasing sales volumes of the format has resulted in many companies, particularly in the far east, producing them in a staggering array of shapes and sizes. These designs can be both useful, such as a torch with a USB stick moulded into it, or any amount of novelty shapes such as a toy supercar shape that can be put onto a keyring. Many businesses using memory sticks to send out data on-site to employees and offsite to existing or potential clients, use flash drives in the form of a business card or a useful pocket sized shape that can be screen printed with the business or brand logo to further promote the company. Mostly, mass produced USB drives are basic shapes about 5cm x 1.5cm x 1.5cm which can be printed onto, or a business card form which, once more, can be printed through a spot colour screen printing technique. There are also a lot of companies which can produce memory sticks in a custom shape specified by the client.
Making Use of USB Memory Sticks To Give Your Business a Boost
The easy transportation of flash drive means that they are ideal for data storage for use by any company with a need for data distribution, particularly where data files are of a significant size. Where many employees need to be able to view large graphic design files or data/code files then USB sticks that hold large files are perfectly suited. This format is perhaps most commonly used, though, for promotion of businesses at exhibitions and business shows. Here, USB drives have two benefits; if you are employed in the marketing department for your business and are tasked with promoting your company at a tradeshow with the aim of raising brand awareness, or just to promote your company's services, they can be used to distribute sales information, presentations or applications for potential clients to view on their laptops or desktop PCs. Any data space can then be used for information storage by the user. This convenience means that the flash drive is always on hand keeping the brand in mind whenever the memory stick is used. They are popular freebies and business card or stick type forms can receive a print via the spot colour screen printing technique, with up to 4 separate colours. This is great for printing business logos or contact details onto the body of the drive.
The gain for a business, where USB memory sticks are utilised for promotion, can be enormous. As with almost any mass produced product, the larger the quantity you purchase, the lower the unit cost. If your business lands a lucrative contract or sells a high value product after giving away a memory stick with a small cost, then the benefit is very clear.
USB flash drives account for a large proportion of the data distribution and business promotion markets. Their capacity to hold a very large amount of data in such a small package makes them perfect replacements for CD and DVD discs. Along with the fact that their prices are falling as mass production of USB sticks increases, they are now starting to become the choice format for many businesses that need to distribute very large files quickly, to existing clients or potential new ones, and also existing personnel. Just about everyone seems to possess at least one memory stick and they can be obtained in a vast array of shapes, sizes and colours.
USB Duplication - Producing Memory Sticks in Bulk
A great number of companies based in the UK are consistently placing orders for thousands of memory sticks to enable them to promote their businesses. This growing demand means that there are a growing number of USB duplication companies offering their services to UK customers. Units are readily available that can copy large amounts of data rapidly, to over 100 USB sticks, at the same time. If a duplication suite has several of these units working together, they can then transfer data to many thousands of memory sticks, very quickly. Data transfer speeds are constantly on the increase as the technology advances. The USB 3.0 data transfer standard claims a realistic data transfer rate of 400 MB/second meaning that even a 512 GB USB memory stick can reach capacity in around 20 minutes. This is roughly 10 times faster than the older USB 2.0 standard. The ability to transfer such a large amount of data so rapidly means that duplication expenses can be minimised and flash drives are then a financially attractive alternative to Blu-ray DVDs, as they are also much easier to handle.
These duplication units are readily available for purchase online and many businesses who find they have a regular need for a large amount of USB sticks will either outsource the work or obtain a duplication unit for their employees to use. They are easily set up and take up very little room, meaning that they can be tucked into a corner or even a drawer when not in use and taken out when needed.
USB Memory Stick Security
USB flash drives are also a convenient format for the distribution of sensitive data such as:
Many of the world's major engineering corporations use USB memory sticks to deliver CAD models of projects like household appliances, road vehicles or aeroplanes and military transportation. Such files are usually very large and need a high storage capacity device to hold them. With the mainstream availability of a 1TB USB memory stick on the horizon, this format will see an increase in use across the majority of industries.
http://ftml.nau.edu.ua/forum/welcome-mat/14-1001credit
http://www.iod.gov.ua/profile.php?lookup=1284
https://dl.cdu.edu.ua/user/profile.php?id=10896
https://social.saratov.gov.ru/deti_ozdorovlenie_zanjatost/forum/index.php?PAGE_NAME=profile_view&UID=130315
http://wiki.soippo.edu.ua/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87:Imeocolo
http://imfl.sci.pfu.edu.ru/forum/index.php?action=profile;area=summary;u=802709
http://ipi.tspu.edu.ru/user/imeocolo/
https://portal.edu-bko.gov.kz/?page_id=97&view=topic&id=41#postid-52
http://www.ved.gov.ru/forum/?&action=showreplies&fid=21&topic=8793
http://kazng.gov.kz/kz/component/kunena/welcome-mat/5745-1001credit.html
https://ktmnt.udpu.edu.ua/index.php?subaction=userinfo&user=imeocolo
http://pm.nuos.edu.ua/communications/forum/user/3613/
https://www.wiki.npu.edu.ua/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87:Imeocolo
http://torgi.gov.ru/forum/user/profile/981010.page
https://monrda.gov.ua/index.php/forum/dobro-pozhalovat/89708-1001credit-com#61348
A 512 GB USB stick can contain the same amount of information as over 20 regular Blu-ray DVD discs. The format may currently be a little more costly than the Blu-ray DVD discs but there is little to compare in terms of the convenience of the format as opposed to a pile of Blu-ray DVDs. The USB drive occupies little space and can be secured using a keyring or kept safely in a small pocket in a laptop bag or with ease. 20 Blu-ray DVDs, however, occupy a lot more space and would be much more inconvenient to have to transport.
At the other end of the scale, a memory stick with a capacity of 128 MB can be purchased inexpensively if the information files to be held on it are only small.
USB Sticks - Volume Production and Customised Casings
The ever- increasing sales volumes of the format has resulted in many companies, particularly in the far east, producing them in a staggering array of shapes and sizes. These designs can be both useful, such as a torch with a USB stick moulded into it, or any amount of novelty shapes such as a toy supercar shape that can be put onto a keyring. Many businesses using memory sticks to send out data on-site to employees and offsite to existing or potential clients, use flash drives in the form of a business card or a useful pocket sized shape that can be screen printed with the business or brand logo to further promote the company. Mostly, mass produced USB drives are basic shapes about 5cm x 1.5cm x 1.5cm which can be printed onto, or a business card form which, once more, can be printed through a spot colour screen printing technique. There are also a lot of companies which can produce memory sticks in a custom shape specified by the client.
Making Use of USB Memory Sticks To Give Your Business a Boost
The easy transportation of flash drive means that they are ideal for data storage for use by any company with a need for data distribution, particularly where data files are of a significant size. Where many employees need to be able to view large graphic design files or data/code files then USB sticks that hold large files are perfectly suited. This format is perhaps most commonly used, though, for promotion of businesses at exhibitions and business shows. Here, USB drives have two benefits; if you are employed in the marketing department for your business and are tasked with promoting your company at a tradeshow with the aim of raising brand awareness, or just to promote your company's services, they can be used to distribute sales information, presentations or applications for potential clients to view on their laptops or desktop PCs. Any data space can then be used for information storage by the user. This convenience means that the flash drive is always on hand keeping the brand in mind whenever the memory stick is used. They are popular freebies and business card or stick type forms can receive a print via the spot colour screen printing technique, with up to 4 separate colours. This is great for printing business logos or contact details onto the body of the drive.
The gain for a business, where USB memory sticks are utilised for promotion, can be enormous. As with almost any mass produced product, the larger the quantity you purchase, the lower the unit cost. If your business lands a lucrative contract or sells a high value product after giving away a memory stick with a small cost, then the benefit is very clear.
USB flash drives account for a large proportion of the data distribution and business promotion markets. Their capacity to hold a very large amount of data in such a small package makes them perfect replacements for CD and DVD discs. Along with the fact that their prices are falling as mass production of USB sticks increases, they are now starting to become the choice format for many businesses that need to distribute very large files quickly, to existing clients or potential new ones, and also existing personnel. Just about everyone seems to possess at least one memory stick and they can be obtained in a vast array of shapes, sizes and colours.
USB Duplication - Producing Memory Sticks in Bulk
A great number of companies based in the UK are consistently placing orders for thousands of memory sticks to enable them to promote their businesses. This growing demand means that there are a growing number of USB duplication companies offering their services to UK customers. Units are readily available that can copy large amounts of data rapidly, to over 100 USB sticks, at the same time. If a duplication suite has several of these units working together, they can then transfer data to many thousands of memory sticks, very quickly. Data transfer speeds are constantly on the increase as the technology advances. The USB 3.0 data transfer standard claims a realistic data transfer rate of 400 MB/second meaning that even a 512 GB USB memory stick can reach capacity in around 20 minutes. This is roughly 10 times faster than the older USB 2.0 standard. The ability to transfer such a large amount of data so rapidly means that duplication expenses can be minimised and flash drives are then a financially attractive alternative to Blu-ray DVDs, as they are also much easier to handle.
These duplication units are readily available for purchase online and many businesses who find they have a regular need for a large amount of USB sticks will either outsource the work or obtain a duplication unit for their employees to use. They are easily set up and take up very little room, meaning that they can be tucked into a corner or even a drawer when not in use and taken out when needed.
USB Memory Stick Security
USB flash drives are also a convenient format for the distribution of sensitive data such as:
- Legal documents
- Sensitive internal company data
- Copyright controlled information
- Sensitive research documents
Many of the world's major engineering corporations use USB memory sticks to deliver CAD models of projects like household appliances, road vehicles or aeroplanes and military transportation. Such files are usually very large and need a high storage capacity device to hold them. With the mainstream availability of a 1TB USB memory stick on the horizon, this format will see an increase in use across the majority of industries.
http://ftml.nau.edu.ua/forum/welcome-mat/14-1001credit
http://www.iod.gov.ua/profile.php?lookup=1284
https://dl.cdu.edu.ua/user/profile.php?id=10896
https://social.saratov.gov.ru/deti_ozdorovlenie_zanjatost/forum/index.php?PAGE_NAME=profile_view&UID=130315
http://wiki.soippo.edu.ua/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87:Imeocolo
http://imfl.sci.pfu.edu.ru/forum/index.php?action=profile;area=summary;u=802709
http://ipi.tspu.edu.ru/user/imeocolo/
https://portal.edu-bko.gov.kz/?page_id=97&view=topic&id=41#postid-52
http://www.ved.gov.ru/forum/?&action=showreplies&fid=21&topic=8793
http://kazng.gov.kz/kz/component/kunena/welcome-mat/5745-1001credit.html
https://ktmnt.udpu.edu.ua/index.php?subaction=userinfo&user=imeocolo
http://pm.nuos.edu.ua/communications/forum/user/3613/
https://www.wiki.npu.edu.ua/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87:Imeocolo
http://torgi.gov.ru/forum/user/profile/981010.page
https://monrda.gov.ua/index.php/forum/dobro-pozhalovat/89708-1001credit-com#61348
When Do You Need to Run a PCI Scan?
The
Payment Card Industry Data Security Standards (PCI DSS) requires the
merchants dealing with credit card holder data to perform regular
vulnerability scans, in order to keep their security flaws covered.
Merchants often come with a question, "When do you need to run a PCI
Scan?" the answer to this question is quite simple.
What are the Requirements of the PCI DSS for Vulnerability Scans?
In order to know when the PCI Scan is required, we should know about the PCI DSS requirements first. The PCI DSS requires merchants to run both "Internal and External" vulnerability scans, in order to keep the credit card holder information system up to current security standards.
External Scans: External scans should be conducted from the outside of the organization and must include all the external IP addresses. These scans will help you to know about vulnerabilities in your security system that might be breached by the hackers to get hold of the sensitive credit card holder data.
Internal Scans: Internal scans must be performed from inside the organization's network from multiple locations to know about the security system within the card holder data environment.
These scans will point out flaws and will give you a review of your internal security that might get exploit by attackers, once they get their hands on it.
When is a PCI Scan required?
PCI scan must at least be performed on quarterly basis. To make the system extra secure the quarterly scans should be supplemented with scans in between quarters; other than this, it is necessary to perform scans whenever any changes are made to the card holder data system.
Can I Perform the Scans?
The answer to this question is both yes and no. You might be able to perform all the internal scans to meet the internal scan requirements; but the PCI DSS needs you to use Approved Scanning Vendor (ASV) for external scans. If you want to do internal scans on your own then do make sure that the scans are performed by qualified staff members; who are independent from the staff responsible for your security systems.
Every single merchant, apart from being of any merchant level, having an external IP address must go through vulnerability scans as guided above. This has become quite confusing in the security community and a lot of people believe that level 4 merchants (those processing less than 1,000,000 annual transactions) do not need to go through such scans. This is not true at all as charted in MasterCard's Site Data Protection program requirements and Visa's Card holder Information Security Program requirements.
What does PCI DSS Vulnerability Scans include?
Scans conducted by Approved Scanning Vendor (ASV) must have following characteristics:
· Should be non-disruptive and must not include Denial of Service (DOS) or abundance of buffering that might result in trouble in merchant's business.
· Host discovery element must be included in the scan to search for live systems in the network.
· Service discovery element must be present in the scan to include both UDP and TCP port scans on every live system.
· Scans should be able to account for IDS/IPS systems and load balancers and give an accurate view about the security environment of customer, even with the presence of these devices.
http://ftml.nau.edu.ua/forum/welcome-mat/13-ekskursii-v-bryussele
http://www.iod.gov.ua/profile.php?lookup=1283
https://dl.cdu.edu.ua/user/profile.php?id=10879
https://social.saratov.gov.ru/deti_ozdorovlenie_zanjatost/forum/index.php?PAGE_NAME=profile_view&UID=130262
http://wiki.soippo.edu.ua/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87:Yldaperk
http://imfl.sci.pfu.edu.ru/forum/index.php?action=profile;area=summary;u=800936
http://ipi.tspu.edu.ru/user/yldaperk/
https://portal.edu-bko.gov.kz/?page_id=97&view=topic&id=40#postid-51
http://www.ved.gov.ru/forum/?&action=showreplies&fid=21&topic=8779
http://kazng.gov.kz/kz/component/kunena/welcome-mat/4885-ekskursii-v-bryussele.html
https://ktmnt.udpu.edu.ua/index.php?subaction=userinfo&user=yldaperk
http://pm.nuos.edu.ua/communications/forum/user/3612/
https://www.wiki.npu.edu.ua/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87:Yldaperk
http://torgi.gov.ru/forum/user/profile/979976.page
https://monrda.gov.ua/index.php/forum/dobro-pozhalovat/89707-ekskursii-v-bryussele#61347
What are the Requirements of the PCI DSS for Vulnerability Scans?
In order to know when the PCI Scan is required, we should know about the PCI DSS requirements first. The PCI DSS requires merchants to run both "Internal and External" vulnerability scans, in order to keep the credit card holder information system up to current security standards.
External Scans: External scans should be conducted from the outside of the organization and must include all the external IP addresses. These scans will help you to know about vulnerabilities in your security system that might be breached by the hackers to get hold of the sensitive credit card holder data.
Internal Scans: Internal scans must be performed from inside the organization's network from multiple locations to know about the security system within the card holder data environment.
These scans will point out flaws and will give you a review of your internal security that might get exploit by attackers, once they get their hands on it.
When is a PCI Scan required?
PCI scan must at least be performed on quarterly basis. To make the system extra secure the quarterly scans should be supplemented with scans in between quarters; other than this, it is necessary to perform scans whenever any changes are made to the card holder data system.
Can I Perform the Scans?
The answer to this question is both yes and no. You might be able to perform all the internal scans to meet the internal scan requirements; but the PCI DSS needs you to use Approved Scanning Vendor (ASV) for external scans. If you want to do internal scans on your own then do make sure that the scans are performed by qualified staff members; who are independent from the staff responsible for your security systems.
Every single merchant, apart from being of any merchant level, having an external IP address must go through vulnerability scans as guided above. This has become quite confusing in the security community and a lot of people believe that level 4 merchants (those processing less than 1,000,000 annual transactions) do not need to go through such scans. This is not true at all as charted in MasterCard's Site Data Protection program requirements and Visa's Card holder Information Security Program requirements.
What does PCI DSS Vulnerability Scans include?
Scans conducted by Approved Scanning Vendor (ASV) must have following characteristics:
· Should be non-disruptive and must not include Denial of Service (DOS) or abundance of buffering that might result in trouble in merchant's business.
· Host discovery element must be included in the scan to search for live systems in the network.
· Service discovery element must be present in the scan to include both UDP and TCP port scans on every live system.
· Scans should be able to account for IDS/IPS systems and load balancers and give an accurate view about the security environment of customer, even with the presence of these devices.
http://ftml.nau.edu.ua/forum/welcome-mat/13-ekskursii-v-bryussele
http://www.iod.gov.ua/profile.php?lookup=1283
https://dl.cdu.edu.ua/user/profile.php?id=10879
https://social.saratov.gov.ru/deti_ozdorovlenie_zanjatost/forum/index.php?PAGE_NAME=profile_view&UID=130262
http://wiki.soippo.edu.ua/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87:Yldaperk
http://imfl.sci.pfu.edu.ru/forum/index.php?action=profile;area=summary;u=800936
http://ipi.tspu.edu.ru/user/yldaperk/
https://portal.edu-bko.gov.kz/?page_id=97&view=topic&id=40#postid-51
http://www.ved.gov.ru/forum/?&action=showreplies&fid=21&topic=8779
http://kazng.gov.kz/kz/component/kunena/welcome-mat/4885-ekskursii-v-bryussele.html
https://ktmnt.udpu.edu.ua/index.php?subaction=userinfo&user=yldaperk
http://pm.nuos.edu.ua/communications/forum/user/3612/
https://www.wiki.npu.edu.ua/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87:Yldaperk
http://torgi.gov.ru/forum/user/profile/979976.page
https://monrda.gov.ua/index.php/forum/dobro-pozhalovat/89707-ekskursii-v-bryussele#61347
PCI SAQ (Self Assessment Questionnaire) - What Is It?
The
PCI compliance Self Assessment Questionnaire needs to be completed by
merchants every 12 months, and is the most comprehensive way to check if
your business is PCI compliant.
It's likely that in recent months you've heard of a business suffering a breach of its customers payment card data. It occurs so often now, we all hear about it, and forget about the event quickly.
A 2015 study by Javelin Strategy & Research, found that US$16 billion was stolen from 12.7 million consumers in 2014 in the United States alone, that's 1 in 100 people. There was a new identity fraud victim every two seconds in 2014.
There is just one set of recognized standards to protect your business from these attacks: the Payment Card Data Security Standard (PCI DSS, known as PCI Compliance).
Not being PCI compliant doesn't only betray your customers' trust, but breaches will subject your business to steep fines and expenses.
Keeping your business in-line, however, is easier than you think.
How to complete the Self-Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ) - To become PCI compliant, your business needs to meet the standards set according to the security category it falls into. Most businesses (likely yours too) belong to category 3 or 4, which involve the same procedures: Fill in a Self-Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ) and at minimum, a Quarterly PCI Compliance scan, run by an Approved Scanning Vendor (ASV).
The Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) defines the SAQ as "a validation tool to assist merchants and service providers in demonstrating their compliance."
The SAQ can be completed by a person in your business (possibly yourself), and is the first step on the path to becoming PCI compliant. The Self-Assessment Questionnaire, as the name implies, is completed by a representative officer from your business, this could be the IT Manager, the CFO, or anyone with knowledge of how the business works.
The First Step to Completing a SAQ
The first step is to identify the SAQ category your business falls under - which varies depending on how you process, store and transmit customers' payment card data - that applies to your business.
SAQ A: Card not present merchants (e-commerce or mail/telephone-order) with all cardholder data functions outsourced.
SAQ B: Imprint-only merchants with no electronic card holder data storage, or, Stand-alone dial-up terminal merchants with no electronic card holder data storage.
SAQ C: Merchants with payment systems connected to the Internet and no electronic cardholder data storage.
SAQ D: All other merchants (not included in descriptions for SAQs A-C above) and all service providers defined by a payment brand as eligible to complete an SAQ D.
There are more, but this covers the basics.
Once you have identified the category applicable to your business you must then fill in the relevant SAQ and Attestation of Compliance (AoC) PDF form.
Use the SAQ form as a guide to evaluate your business's security protocols. Any potential risks in your business's payment system highlighted by the SAQ must be addressed and then the questionnaire retaken, until you can answer every question with 'pass' or 'not applicable', to achieve compliance with the required PCI Data Security Standard.
The final step to becoming PCI Compliant
Once your business satisfies all the requirements outlined in the SAQ, the next step is to undergo a PCI Compliance scan on your website / payment system.
http://ftml.nau.edu.ua/forum/welcome-mat/12-bronirovanie-ekskursij
http://www.iod.gov.ua/profile.php?lookup=1282
https://dl.cdu.edu.ua/user/profile.php?id=10875
https://social.saratov.gov.ru/deti_ozdorovlenie_zanjatost/forum/index.php?PAGE_NAME=profile_view&UID=130257
http://wiki.soippo.edu.ua/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87:Ainegree
http://imfl.sci.pfu.edu.ru/forum/index.php?action=profile;area=summary;u=800662
http://ipi.tspu.edu.ru/user/ainegree/
https://portal.edu-bko.gov.kz/?page_id=97&view=topic&id=39#postid-50
http://www.ved.gov.ru/forum/?&action=showreplies&fid=21&topic=8778
http://kazng.gov.kz/kz/component/kunena/welcome-mat/4884-poisk-ekskursij.html
https://ktmnt.udpu.edu.ua/index.php?subaction=userinfo&user=ainegree
http://pm.nuos.edu.ua/communications/forum/user/3611/
https://www.wiki.npu.edu.ua/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87:Ainegree
http://torgi.gov.ru/forum/user/profile/979959.page
https://monrda.gov.ua/index.php/forum/dobro-pozhalovat/89706-poisk-ekskursij#61346
It's likely that in recent months you've heard of a business suffering a breach of its customers payment card data. It occurs so often now, we all hear about it, and forget about the event quickly.
A 2015 study by Javelin Strategy & Research, found that US$16 billion was stolen from 12.7 million consumers in 2014 in the United States alone, that's 1 in 100 people. There was a new identity fraud victim every two seconds in 2014.
There is just one set of recognized standards to protect your business from these attacks: the Payment Card Data Security Standard (PCI DSS, known as PCI Compliance).
Not being PCI compliant doesn't only betray your customers' trust, but breaches will subject your business to steep fines and expenses.
Keeping your business in-line, however, is easier than you think.
How to complete the Self-Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ) - To become PCI compliant, your business needs to meet the standards set according to the security category it falls into. Most businesses (likely yours too) belong to category 3 or 4, which involve the same procedures: Fill in a Self-Assessment Questionnaire (SAQ) and at minimum, a Quarterly PCI Compliance scan, run by an Approved Scanning Vendor (ASV).
The Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard (PCI DSS) defines the SAQ as "a validation tool to assist merchants and service providers in demonstrating their compliance."
The SAQ can be completed by a person in your business (possibly yourself), and is the first step on the path to becoming PCI compliant. The Self-Assessment Questionnaire, as the name implies, is completed by a representative officer from your business, this could be the IT Manager, the CFO, or anyone with knowledge of how the business works.
The First Step to Completing a SAQ
The first step is to identify the SAQ category your business falls under - which varies depending on how you process, store and transmit customers' payment card data - that applies to your business.
SAQ A: Card not present merchants (e-commerce or mail/telephone-order) with all cardholder data functions outsourced.
SAQ B: Imprint-only merchants with no electronic card holder data storage, or, Stand-alone dial-up terminal merchants with no electronic card holder data storage.
SAQ C: Merchants with payment systems connected to the Internet and no electronic cardholder data storage.
SAQ D: All other merchants (not included in descriptions for SAQs A-C above) and all service providers defined by a payment brand as eligible to complete an SAQ D.
There are more, but this covers the basics.
Once you have identified the category applicable to your business you must then fill in the relevant SAQ and Attestation of Compliance (AoC) PDF form.
Use the SAQ form as a guide to evaluate your business's security protocols. Any potential risks in your business's payment system highlighted by the SAQ must be addressed and then the questionnaire retaken, until you can answer every question with 'pass' or 'not applicable', to achieve compliance with the required PCI Data Security Standard.
The final step to becoming PCI Compliant
Once your business satisfies all the requirements outlined in the SAQ, the next step is to undergo a PCI Compliance scan on your website / payment system.
http://ftml.nau.edu.ua/forum/welcome-mat/12-bronirovanie-ekskursij
http://www.iod.gov.ua/profile.php?lookup=1282
https://dl.cdu.edu.ua/user/profile.php?id=10875
https://social.saratov.gov.ru/deti_ozdorovlenie_zanjatost/forum/index.php?PAGE_NAME=profile_view&UID=130257
http://wiki.soippo.edu.ua/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87:Ainegree
http://imfl.sci.pfu.edu.ru/forum/index.php?action=profile;area=summary;u=800662
http://ipi.tspu.edu.ru/user/ainegree/
https://portal.edu-bko.gov.kz/?page_id=97&view=topic&id=39#postid-50
http://www.ved.gov.ru/forum/?&action=showreplies&fid=21&topic=8778
http://kazng.gov.kz/kz/component/kunena/welcome-mat/4884-poisk-ekskursij.html
https://ktmnt.udpu.edu.ua/index.php?subaction=userinfo&user=ainegree
http://pm.nuos.edu.ua/communications/forum/user/3611/
https://www.wiki.npu.edu.ua/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87:Ainegree
http://torgi.gov.ru/forum/user/profile/979959.page
https://monrda.gov.ua/index.php/forum/dobro-pozhalovat/89706-poisk-ekskursij#61346
The Meaning of PCI
The
term PCI stands for Payment Card Industry, and we all are quite
familiar with the different types of credit card / payment solution
companies available, like Master Card, PayPal, and Visa etc. This
article will further discuss how these companies manage their security
of card holders' data.
These companies run under the standards of PCI DSS, which stands for Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard. According to these standards, the information of card holders are to be kept secured.
History of PCI DSS
There are Five programs:
1. American Express' Data Security Operating Policy
2. Discover's Information Security and Compliance
3. JCB's Data Security Program
4. Master Card's Site Data Protection
5. Visa's Card holder Information Security Program
They were initiated by these credit card companies.The intention of each company was nearly the same; and that was, to develop an additional layer of protection for card holders and card issuers, by making sure that merchants meet the minimum levels of security when processing, storing and transmitting credit card data.
These same ideas led to the formation of the Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council (PCI SSC), and the companies combined their policies to create the PCI DSS.
There have been a number of versions of the PCI DSS up till now, with the first version 1.0 released on 15 December 2015 and the latest version 3.2,launched in April 2016.
Why there's a need for PCI DSS
The PCI DSS was developed to limit credit card fraud. PCI Compliance is however more about security, than compliance. The objective of PCI Compliance is to confirm that security standards are met when processing customer payments, as well as for customer data management.
Verification of PCI Compliance is checked annually by a QSA (Qualified Security Assessor), who creates a ROC (Report on Compliance). Although this is generally for companies handling millions of transactions, companies with less volume are only required to fill in a (SAQ) Self-Assessment Questionnaire as the means of reporting PCI Compliance.
The PCI DSS set up twelve requirements for PCI Compliance, which are organized into six groups known as Control Objectives. Every single version of the PCI DSS has categorized these twelve requirements differently, into an amount of sub requirements; but still the twelve main requirements have not been altered from the time of the standard's inception.
Objectives and Requirements:
1. Develop and manage a secure network
I. Setup and uphold a firewall configuration to protect data of the card holder.
ii. Don't use vendor-supplied defaults as system passwords nor for other security line ups.
2. Keep Cardholders' Data protected
iii. Protect the stored data of card holder.
iv. Convert the card holders' data of the card into codes across open and public networks.
3. Maintain the vulnerability of management program
v. Use and update antivirus regularly on the system getting most likely affected by malware.
vi. Build and maintain only secure systems and applications.
4. Use strong data admission control
vii. Restrict the businesses from accessing the cardholders' data.
viii. Provide a unique access ID to every user with computer access.
ix. Restrict access to cardholders' data physically.
5. Monitor and test networks regularly
x. Keep a track of the access to cardholders' data and network resources.
xi. Test the security processes and systems regularly.
6. Keep the Information security policy maintained
xii. Keep a policy that deals with information security.
https://oag.treasury.gov.za/RMF/Lists/Framework%20Feedback/DispForm.aspx?ID=3106
http://www.dnrec.delaware.gov/fw/Hunting/Lists/Deer%20Damage%20Assistance%20Program%20Application/DispForm.aspx?ID=1526
https://www.tourism.gov.za/Lists/Site%20Feedback/DispForm.aspx?ID=3380
http://portal.ca.gov.vn/Lists/VGCA_Contact/DispForm.aspx?ID=2318
http://www.kzntreasury.gov.za/Lists/FRAUD%20RISK%20ASSESSMENT%20QUESTIONNAIRE/DispForm.aspx?ID=1366
http://www.hio.gov.eg/Lists/DailyVisitors/DispForm.aspx?ID=4465
https://www2.anm.gov.my/Lists/Soal%20Selidik%20Perakaunan%20Akruan/DispForm.aspx?ID=4027
http://disperindag.depok.go.id/forum/index.php?threads/1001credit.11766/
http://transition.doe.louisiana.gov/Lists/Parental%20Discussions/DispForm.aspx?ID=3066
http://ogp.pr.gov/lists/prueba%20survey/DispForm.aspx?ID=494
http://cpsustentaveis.planejamento.gov.br/forum/profile/imeocolo
https://www.ecda.gov.sg/growatbeanstalk/Lists/Rate%20This%20Website/DispForm.aspx?ID=1750
https://www.gov.bn/Lists/eDarussalam%20Survey/DispForm.aspx?ID=3366
http://www.bansefi.gob.mx/Lists/Encuesta/DispForm.aspx?ID=1163
https://www.fic.gov.za/ContactUs/Lists/Media%20Queries/DispForm.aspx?ID=274
https://chalmers.in.gov/forums/users/imeocolo/
https://www.customs.gov.vn/Lists/InterviewThreads/DispForm.aspx?ID=1945
http://gisdata.scag.ca.gov/Lists/AccessRequests/DispForm.aspx?ID=6734
These companies run under the standards of PCI DSS, which stands for Payment Card Industry Data Security Standard. According to these standards, the information of card holders are to be kept secured.
History of PCI DSS
There are Five programs:
1. American Express' Data Security Operating Policy
2. Discover's Information Security and Compliance
3. JCB's Data Security Program
4. Master Card's Site Data Protection
5. Visa's Card holder Information Security Program
They were initiated by these credit card companies.The intention of each company was nearly the same; and that was, to develop an additional layer of protection for card holders and card issuers, by making sure that merchants meet the minimum levels of security when processing, storing and transmitting credit card data.
These same ideas led to the formation of the Payment Card Industry Security Standards Council (PCI SSC), and the companies combined their policies to create the PCI DSS.
There have been a number of versions of the PCI DSS up till now, with the first version 1.0 released on 15 December 2015 and the latest version 3.2,launched in April 2016.
Why there's a need for PCI DSS
The PCI DSS was developed to limit credit card fraud. PCI Compliance is however more about security, than compliance. The objective of PCI Compliance is to confirm that security standards are met when processing customer payments, as well as for customer data management.
Verification of PCI Compliance is checked annually by a QSA (Qualified Security Assessor), who creates a ROC (Report on Compliance). Although this is generally for companies handling millions of transactions, companies with less volume are only required to fill in a (SAQ) Self-Assessment Questionnaire as the means of reporting PCI Compliance.
The PCI DSS set up twelve requirements for PCI Compliance, which are organized into six groups known as Control Objectives. Every single version of the PCI DSS has categorized these twelve requirements differently, into an amount of sub requirements; but still the twelve main requirements have not been altered from the time of the standard's inception.
Objectives and Requirements:
1. Develop and manage a secure network
I. Setup and uphold a firewall configuration to protect data of the card holder.
ii. Don't use vendor-supplied defaults as system passwords nor for other security line ups.
2. Keep Cardholders' Data protected
iii. Protect the stored data of card holder.
iv. Convert the card holders' data of the card into codes across open and public networks.
3. Maintain the vulnerability of management program
v. Use and update antivirus regularly on the system getting most likely affected by malware.
vi. Build and maintain only secure systems and applications.
4. Use strong data admission control
vii. Restrict the businesses from accessing the cardholders' data.
viii. Provide a unique access ID to every user with computer access.
ix. Restrict access to cardholders' data physically.
5. Monitor and test networks regularly
x. Keep a track of the access to cardholders' data and network resources.
xi. Test the security processes and systems regularly.
6. Keep the Information security policy maintained
xii. Keep a policy that deals with information security.
https://oag.treasury.gov.za/RMF/Lists/Framework%20Feedback/DispForm.aspx?ID=3106
http://www.dnrec.delaware.gov/fw/Hunting/Lists/Deer%20Damage%20Assistance%20Program%20Application/DispForm.aspx?ID=1526
https://www.tourism.gov.za/Lists/Site%20Feedback/DispForm.aspx?ID=3380
http://portal.ca.gov.vn/Lists/VGCA_Contact/DispForm.aspx?ID=2318
http://www.kzntreasury.gov.za/Lists/FRAUD%20RISK%20ASSESSMENT%20QUESTIONNAIRE/DispForm.aspx?ID=1366
http://www.hio.gov.eg/Lists/DailyVisitors/DispForm.aspx?ID=4465
https://www2.anm.gov.my/Lists/Soal%20Selidik%20Perakaunan%20Akruan/DispForm.aspx?ID=4027
http://disperindag.depok.go.id/forum/index.php?threads/1001credit.11766/
http://transition.doe.louisiana.gov/Lists/Parental%20Discussions/DispForm.aspx?ID=3066
http://ogp.pr.gov/lists/prueba%20survey/DispForm.aspx?ID=494
http://cpsustentaveis.planejamento.gov.br/forum/profile/imeocolo
https://www.ecda.gov.sg/growatbeanstalk/Lists/Rate%20This%20Website/DispForm.aspx?ID=1750
https://www.gov.bn/Lists/eDarussalam%20Survey/DispForm.aspx?ID=3366
http://www.bansefi.gob.mx/Lists/Encuesta/DispForm.aspx?ID=1163
https://www.fic.gov.za/ContactUs/Lists/Media%20Queries/DispForm.aspx?ID=274
https://chalmers.in.gov/forums/users/imeocolo/
https://www.customs.gov.vn/Lists/InterviewThreads/DispForm.aspx?ID=1945
http://gisdata.scag.ca.gov/Lists/AccessRequests/DispForm.aspx?ID=6734
Bose SoundSport Wireless Review
The
Bose SoundSport Wirelesst is essentially an "open" ear-bud style
headphone that effectively isolates noise. It is an in-ear headphone
designed for those who don't wish to get their eartips jammed way into
their ears. Thus the buds remain loosely in your ears, held in place by
means of proprietary StayHear tips that are is made in a particular
shape, in order to act as a soft seal at the opening of your canal,
thereby helping to improve audio performance. Plus, there is a flexible
wing that makes use of the ridge of the ear for active support, thereby
imparting appreciably improved stability without the need to force the
tips in.
Design and Features
StayHear tips work well your ears, keeping the buds securely and comfortably locked in, even while you are jogging. However, the open design can let in ambient sounds, so they aren't much good when you are in a noisy environment. The Bose SoundSport Wirelesst comes with a unique sport version of the Stay-Hear tips that conforms to any ear shape, and remain in place comfortably, throughout the day. They are available in a wide variety of colors such as Charcoal, Energy Green, Frost, Power Red and Neon Blue. Apart from these, it comes with a sport-inspired case that matches the color of your own headphones. The case protects as well as stores the headphones while not in use. It can also hold your cash and keys, when you are out exercising.
Naturally, the Bose SoundSport wireless effectively resists water and sweat and water. It boasts of a remote and inline mic that allows you to skip songs if necessary, regulate the volume, as well as make and take calls, without in any way reaching out for your smarphone. These amazing headphones are designed to overcome the demands of a busy life. In fact Bose is flaunting its quality for making calls, and its reliable Bluetooth connection. By the way, Bose is also introducing SoundSport Pulse, a fully integrated hear-rate monitor, compatible with fitness apps such as Runkeeper, and Endomondo. The SoundSport has decent battery life of about six hours, and five hours for SoundSport Pulse.
Tangle Free Bluetooth and NFC Pairing
It is very easy to pair The Bose SoundSport wireless to any Bluetooth device. The same is the case, if you happen to own an NFC enabled phone, all you need to do is to quickly tap between the phone and inline remote. This way you can concentrate on your workout or sport and not your headphones.
Pros and Cons
Pros
· Secure and comfortable
· Sweat and weather resistant
· Pleasant full bass
· Integrated mic and remote
· Matching carrying case
Cons
· Let ambient sound in
· Not fit for noisy environments.
While the Bose SoundSport Wireless In-Ear might not the finest sounding in-ear headphone for your money, its design as well as comfort level are superb. In fact, it's the very thing you need if you are looking for this type of headphone style, without jamming the tips right into your ear canals.
Design and Features
StayHear tips work well your ears, keeping the buds securely and comfortably locked in, even while you are jogging. However, the open design can let in ambient sounds, so they aren't much good when you are in a noisy environment. The Bose SoundSport Wirelesst comes with a unique sport version of the Stay-Hear tips that conforms to any ear shape, and remain in place comfortably, throughout the day. They are available in a wide variety of colors such as Charcoal, Energy Green, Frost, Power Red and Neon Blue. Apart from these, it comes with a sport-inspired case that matches the color of your own headphones. The case protects as well as stores the headphones while not in use. It can also hold your cash and keys, when you are out exercising.
Naturally, the Bose SoundSport wireless effectively resists water and sweat and water. It boasts of a remote and inline mic that allows you to skip songs if necessary, regulate the volume, as well as make and take calls, without in any way reaching out for your smarphone. These amazing headphones are designed to overcome the demands of a busy life. In fact Bose is flaunting its quality for making calls, and its reliable Bluetooth connection. By the way, Bose is also introducing SoundSport Pulse, a fully integrated hear-rate monitor, compatible with fitness apps such as Runkeeper, and Endomondo. The SoundSport has decent battery life of about six hours, and five hours for SoundSport Pulse.
Tangle Free Bluetooth and NFC Pairing
It is very easy to pair The Bose SoundSport wireless to any Bluetooth device. The same is the case, if you happen to own an NFC enabled phone, all you need to do is to quickly tap between the phone and inline remote. This way you can concentrate on your workout or sport and not your headphones.
Pros and Cons
Pros
· Secure and comfortable
· Sweat and weather resistant
· Pleasant full bass
· Integrated mic and remote
· Matching carrying case
Cons
· Let ambient sound in
· Not fit for noisy environments.
While the Bose SoundSport Wireless In-Ear might not the finest sounding in-ear headphone for your money, its design as well as comfort level are superb. In fact, it's the very thing you need if you are looking for this type of headphone style, without jamming the tips right into your ear canals.
Adrian T is an avid gadget geek, who spent most of his time
hiding in his cave writing review on the latest, "shiniest" gadget out
there in the market, ranging from smartphone, tablets to drones.
https://oag.treasury.gov.za/RMF/Lists/Framework%20Feedback/DispForm.aspx?ID=3076https://www.tourism.gov.za/Lists/Site%20Feedback/DispForm.aspx?ID=3314
http://portal.ca.gov.vn/Lists/VGCA_Contact/DispForm.aspx?ID=2284
http://www.kzntreasury.gov.za/Lists/FRAUD%20RISK%20ASSESSMENT%20QUESTIONNAIRE/DispForm.aspx?ID=1351
http://www.hio.gov.eg/Lists/DailyVisitors/DispForm.aspx?ID=4459
https://www2.anm.gov.my/Lists/Soal%20Selidik%20Perakaunan%20Akruan/DispForm.aspx?ID=4020
http://disperindag.depok.go.id/forum/index.php?threads/guided-tours.11765/
http://transition.doe.louisiana.gov/Lists/Parental%20Discussions/DispForm.aspx?ID=2999
http://desenvolvimentocolaborativo.sisp.gov.br/index.php/Usu%C3%A1rio:Yldaperk
http://cpsustentaveis.planejamento.gov.br/forum/profile/yldaperk
https://www.ecda.gov.sg/growatbeanstalk/Lists/Rate%20This%20Website/DispForm.aspx?ID=1728
https://www.gov.bn/Lists/eDarussalam%20Survey/DispForm.aspx?ID=3301
http://www.bansefi.gob.mx/Lists/Encuesta/DispForm.aspx?ID=1134
https://www.fic.gov.za/ContactUs/Lists/Media%20Queries/DispForm.aspx?ID=272
https://chalmers.in.gov/forums/users/yldaperk/
https://www.customs.gov.vn/Lists/InterviewThreads/DispForm.aspx?ID=1915
http://gisdata.scag.ca.gov/Lists/AccessRequests/DispForm.aspx?ID=6631
4 Uses Of Fiber Optic Cables
If
you ask many people, they will tell you that they know fiber optic
cables for their use in computers. While they are heavily used in that
area, they are also heavily used in other areas including:
Cable television
I know that you can't get off the couch due to your favorite program. Did you know that you are receiving the signals courtesy of fiber optic cables? Telecommunication companies are now heavily using the cables as they have greater speeds and bandwidth. The cables are also cheaper compared to copper wires.
Telecommunication companies are also heavily using the cables in speeding up communication in telephones. Due to their installation, you are able to connect faster and have clear conversations regardless of where you are calling from.
Medical applications
Fiber optic cables are widely used in medicine and research. In medicine, they are majorly used in intrusive surgical methods where it's used in reducing the number and sizes of incisions. The cables are also used in biomedical research where they are used in the field of prosthetics where the researchers are working in developing real-feel prosthetics. Researchers are trying to come up with prosthetics that have the ability to send information through the nervous system into the brain.
Automotive industry
Cables are also used in lighting and safety features in automobiles. They are used in lighting both the interior and exterior of the car. They are used in the vehicles since they conserve space and also provide superior lighting than other materials. The cables are also able to transmit signals between the different parts of the vehicle at high speeds. In addition to being used in lighting the vehicles, they are also used in the safety applications of the car including airbags and traction control.
Lighting and decorations
Due to their high speed, fiber optic cables are widely used in lighting decorations and Christmas tree illumination. In addition to lighting the trees, they are also economical and easy to install. The cables are also used in museums where they are used in illuminating and decorating museum artworks.
Conclusion
These are some of the uses of fiber optic cables. When buying them, ensure that you buy them from reputable cable dealers. The way that you install them greatly impacts their working. For ideal results ensure that the cables are installed by a certified and experienced professional. To be on the safe side, work with a technician recommended by the company you buy the cables from.
https://oag.treasury.gov.za/RMF/Lists/Framework%20Feedback/DispForm.aspx?ID=3075
https://www.tourism.gov.za/Lists/Site%20Feedback/DispForm.aspx?ID=3313
http://portal.ca.gov.vn/Lists/VGCA_Contact/DispForm.aspx?ID=2285
http://www.kzntreasury.gov.za/Lists/FRAUD%20RISK%20ASSESSMENT%20QUESTIONNAIRE/DispForm.aspx?ID=1350
http://www.hio.gov.eg/Lists/DailyVisitors/DispForm.aspx?ID=4458
https://www2.anm.gov.my/Lists/Soal%20Selidik%20Perakaunan%20Akruan/DispForm.aspx?ID=4019
http://disperindag.depok.go.id/forum/index.php?threads/excurzilla.11764/
http://transition.doe.louisiana.gov/Lists/Parental%20Discussions/DispForm.aspx?ID=2998
http://desenvolvimentocolaborativo.sisp.gov.br/index.php/Usu%C3%A1rio:Ainegree
http://cpsustentaveis.planejamento.gov.br/forum/profile/ainegree
https://www.ecda.gov.sg/growatbeanstalk/Lists/Rate%20This%20Website/DispForm.aspx?ID=1727
https://www.gov.bn/Lists/eDarussalam%20Survey/DispForm.aspx?ID=3300
http://www.bansefi.gob.mx/Lists/Encuesta/DispForm.aspx?ID=1133
https://www.fic.gov.za/ContactUs/Lists/Media%20Queries/DispForm.aspx?ID=271
https://chalmers.in.gov/forums/users/ainegree/
https://www.customs.gov.vn/Lists/InterviewThreads/DispForm.aspx?ID=1914
http://gisdata.scag.ca.gov/Lists/AccessRequests/DispForm.aspx?ID=6630
Cable television
I know that you can't get off the couch due to your favorite program. Did you know that you are receiving the signals courtesy of fiber optic cables? Telecommunication companies are now heavily using the cables as they have greater speeds and bandwidth. The cables are also cheaper compared to copper wires.
Telecommunication companies are also heavily using the cables in speeding up communication in telephones. Due to their installation, you are able to connect faster and have clear conversations regardless of where you are calling from.
Medical applications
Fiber optic cables are widely used in medicine and research. In medicine, they are majorly used in intrusive surgical methods where it's used in reducing the number and sizes of incisions. The cables are also used in biomedical research where they are used in the field of prosthetics where the researchers are working in developing real-feel prosthetics. Researchers are trying to come up with prosthetics that have the ability to send information through the nervous system into the brain.
Automotive industry
Cables are also used in lighting and safety features in automobiles. They are used in lighting both the interior and exterior of the car. They are used in the vehicles since they conserve space and also provide superior lighting than other materials. The cables are also able to transmit signals between the different parts of the vehicle at high speeds. In addition to being used in lighting the vehicles, they are also used in the safety applications of the car including airbags and traction control.
Lighting and decorations
Due to their high speed, fiber optic cables are widely used in lighting decorations and Christmas tree illumination. In addition to lighting the trees, they are also economical and easy to install. The cables are also used in museums where they are used in illuminating and decorating museum artworks.
Conclusion
These are some of the uses of fiber optic cables. When buying them, ensure that you buy them from reputable cable dealers. The way that you install them greatly impacts their working. For ideal results ensure that the cables are installed by a certified and experienced professional. To be on the safe side, work with a technician recommended by the company you buy the cables from.
https://oag.treasury.gov.za/RMF/Lists/Framework%20Feedback/DispForm.aspx?ID=3075
https://www.tourism.gov.za/Lists/Site%20Feedback/DispForm.aspx?ID=3313
http://portal.ca.gov.vn/Lists/VGCA_Contact/DispForm.aspx?ID=2285
http://www.kzntreasury.gov.za/Lists/FRAUD%20RISK%20ASSESSMENT%20QUESTIONNAIRE/DispForm.aspx?ID=1350
http://www.hio.gov.eg/Lists/DailyVisitors/DispForm.aspx?ID=4458
https://www2.anm.gov.my/Lists/Soal%20Selidik%20Perakaunan%20Akruan/DispForm.aspx?ID=4019
http://disperindag.depok.go.id/forum/index.php?threads/excurzilla.11764/
http://transition.doe.louisiana.gov/Lists/Parental%20Discussions/DispForm.aspx?ID=2998
http://desenvolvimentocolaborativo.sisp.gov.br/index.php/Usu%C3%A1rio:Ainegree
http://cpsustentaveis.planejamento.gov.br/forum/profile/ainegree
https://www.ecda.gov.sg/growatbeanstalk/Lists/Rate%20This%20Website/DispForm.aspx?ID=1727
https://www.gov.bn/Lists/eDarussalam%20Survey/DispForm.aspx?ID=3300
http://www.bansefi.gob.mx/Lists/Encuesta/DispForm.aspx?ID=1133
https://www.fic.gov.za/ContactUs/Lists/Media%20Queries/DispForm.aspx?ID=271
https://chalmers.in.gov/forums/users/ainegree/
https://www.customs.gov.vn/Lists/InterviewThreads/DispForm.aspx?ID=1914
http://gisdata.scag.ca.gov/Lists/AccessRequests/DispForm.aspx?ID=6630
Wednesday, April 1, 2020
Fortnite - "Failed to Initialize Battleye Service: Generic Error" Fix Windows 10
The "Failed to Initialize BattlEye Service: Generic Error" problem is caused by the BattlEye anti-cheat service (used by a number of popular games).
Whilst BattlEye is shipped with the likes of Fortnite, PUBG etc - most people have no idea what it is or why it's showing an error.
It's basically a piece of software which prevents hacking from games. Because games are connected to the Internet, gaming PC's are often targeted by malware distributors, hackers and spammers - many attempting to infect your PC with harmful software.
Despite remaining somewhat hidden, the BattlEye service is essential for the likes of Fortnite to run. If you're seeing errors with it, it's likely that the software didn't install correctly.
Causes
The error message shows as follows:
In Windows, a "service" is basically an application which runs constantly in the background - allowing other programs to read + write to various deeper level aspects of the OS.
Whilst the error doesn't have any specific cause, with Fortnite, it's almost always the result of the BattlEye service not correctly installing - preventing the game from loading the files required to get it running.
To fix the problem, you need to be able to fix any of the core issues that will be preventing its initialization.
Solution
The steps to fix the error are actually relatively simple (and widely documented) - reinstall BattlEye, make sure Fortnite is running properly and then that Windows is able to read all the files it requires...
1. Reinstall BattlEye
The most important step is to reinstall BattlEye.
This is done by browsing to the Fortnite folder and clicking on the uninstallation BAT file:
2. Run Fortnite As Administrator
Secondly, the next step is to run Fortnite as an Administrator.
This is a standard Windows process which is extremely simple:
Another major cause of the problem is having BattlEye blocked by your antivirus tool.
This could be considered "expected behaviour" - as the majority of antivirus applications are designed to block programs which continually run in the background (as BattlEye does).
Obviously, fixing this requires specific repairs to your specific antivirus application - I'll just list a general list of steps to take:
If you obtained Fortnite through Steam, you'll want to look at the "Verify Game Files" option that it has:
The "registry" is a database inside Windows which stores all the settings for your system.
Whilst "registry cleaners" have been promoted heavily in the past, they have a single benefit to a system - they clean up this database and allow your system to run relatively smoothly again.
At the time of writing this article, CCleaner is the only registry tool you should trust; it's free and has been downloaded over 1bn times...
Obviously, the restrictions of an Internet article mean that I cannot see into the specifics of what you're dealing with.
Thus, it is strongly recommended that you contact someone with the ability to gain specific insight into what you're dealing with. The best way to do this is through one of the online "support" communities - Reddit, Super User and Microsoft Answers being amongst the most popular. You may also want to contact Epic Games directly (through their forum, Twitter or Facebook) - but they are not really obliged to help you to be honest.
You also have the other option of contacting a dedicated support person. This will likely cost money, but should get the problem fixed. There are a number of people on Fiverr who can do this.
https://dl.cdu.edu.ua/user/profile.php?id=10146
http://ftml.nau.edu.ua/forum/welcome-mat/9-loterey-onlain
http://www.iod.gov.ua/profile.php?lookup=1276
https://social.saratov.gov.ru/deti_ozdorovlenie_zanjatost/forum/index.php?PAGE_NAME=profile_view&UID=128174
http://wiki.soippo.edu.ua/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87:Enelblac
https://vatforum.minfin.gov.ua/member.php?action=profile&uid=5183
http://ipi.tspu.edu.ru/user/enelblac/
https://portal.edu-bko.gov.kz/?page_id=97&view=topic&id=36#postid-46
http://www.ved.gov.ru/forum/?&action=showreplies&fid=21&topic=8273
http://kazng.gov.kz/kz/component/kunena/welcome-mat/245-loterei.html
http://www.volodrada.gov.ua/index.php/forum/teretorialna-hromada-volodarky/359-loterey
http://forum.minfin.gov.ua/member.php?action=profile&uid=5183
https://www.wiki.npu.edu.ua/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87:Enelblac
http://torgi.gov.ru/forum/user/profile/953843.page
http://monrda.gov.ua/index.php/forum/dobro-pozhalovat/89703-loterey-onlain#61343
Whilst BattlEye is shipped with the likes of Fortnite, PUBG etc - most people have no idea what it is or why it's showing an error.
It's basically a piece of software which prevents hacking from games. Because games are connected to the Internet, gaming PC's are often targeted by malware distributors, hackers and spammers - many attempting to infect your PC with harmful software.
Despite remaining somewhat hidden, the BattlEye service is essential for the likes of Fortnite to run. If you're seeing errors with it, it's likely that the software didn't install correctly.
Causes
The error message shows as follows:
Failed to Initialize BattlEye Service: Generic ErrorThe reason why it shows is because of the "BattlEye" service.
In Windows, a "service" is basically an application which runs constantly in the background - allowing other programs to read + write to various deeper level aspects of the OS.
Whilst the error doesn't have any specific cause, with Fortnite, it's almost always the result of the BattlEye service not correctly installing - preventing the game from loading the files required to get it running.
To fix the problem, you need to be able to fix any of the core issues that will be preventing its initialization.
Solution
The steps to fix the error are actually relatively simple (and widely documented) - reinstall BattlEye, make sure Fortnite is running properly and then that Windows is able to read all the files it requires...
1. Reinstall BattlEye
The most important step is to reinstall BattlEye.
This is done by browsing to the Fortnite folder and clicking on the uninstallation BAT file:
- Press "Windows" + "E" keys on your keyboard
- Browse to "C:/Program Files/Epic Games/Fortnite/FortniteGame/Binaries/BattlEye"
- Click on the "Uninstall_BattlEye.bat" file
- Let the CMD script run
- After doing this, load the Epic Games Launcher and click onto the Fortnite tab.
- Next to the green "launch" button, you'll see a small "cog" icon - Click it
- From the drop-down menu, select "Verify"
- Let the game update / verify as required
2. Run Fortnite As Administrator
Secondly, the next step is to run Fortnite as an Administrator.
This is a standard Windows process which is extremely simple:
- Right-click on the executable for the game on your Windows desktop (Epic Games Launcher)
- Select "Properties"
- From the top tabs, select "Compatibility"
- Scroll down to the bottom area and select "Run As Administrator"
- After doing this, click "OK"
- Try the game again
Another major cause of the problem is having BattlEye blocked by your antivirus tool.
This could be considered "expected behaviour" - as the majority of antivirus applications are designed to block programs which continually run in the background (as BattlEye does).
Obviously, fixing this requires specific repairs to your specific antivirus application - I'll just list a general list of steps to take:
- General
- Click onto your antivirus app's icon (bottom right of taskbar)
- Select "settings" / "options" or similar
- From the UI, look for "exclusions" or "exceptions" (every antivirus will have one)
- Add the following folder: "C:/Program Files/Epic Games/Fortnite/FortniteGame/Binaries/BattlEye" + "C:Program Files (x86)Common FilesBattlEye"
- Windows Defender (Windows 10)
- Press "Windows" + "I" keys on your keyboard (loads "Settings")
- Click "Update & Security"
- From the left sidebar, select "Windows Security"
- Click the top button "Open Windows Defender Security Center"
- Click "Virus & threat protection" (left sidebar)
- Select "Virus & threat protection settings"
- Scroll down to "Ecclusions" and select "Add or Remove Exclusions"
- Add the following folders: "C:/Program Files/Epic Games/Fortnite/FortniteGame/Binaries/BattlEye" + "C:Program Files (x86)Common FilesBattlEye"
If you obtained Fortnite through Steam, you'll want to look at the "Verify Game Files" option that it has:
- Open the Steam client, login, then click "Library"
- Right-click Fortnite and select "Properties"
- Click the "Local Files" tab
- Click the "Verify Integrity of Game Files" button
- Wait for the process to complete and press "Close"
The "registry" is a database inside Windows which stores all the settings for your system.
Whilst "registry cleaners" have been promoted heavily in the past, they have a single benefit to a system - they clean up this database and allow your system to run relatively smoothly again.
At the time of writing this article, CCleaner is the only registry tool you should trust; it's free and has been downloaded over 1bn times...
- Download a "registry tool" which you trust
- Let it scan through the registry of your system
- For any errors it finds, let it clean them out
- Once complete, restart your PC
- Try running Fortnite again
Obviously, the restrictions of an Internet article mean that I cannot see into the specifics of what you're dealing with.
Thus, it is strongly recommended that you contact someone with the ability to gain specific insight into what you're dealing with. The best way to do this is through one of the online "support" communities - Reddit, Super User and Microsoft Answers being amongst the most popular. You may also want to contact Epic Games directly (through their forum, Twitter or Facebook) - but they are not really obliged to help you to be honest.
You also have the other option of contacting a dedicated support person. This will likely cost money, but should get the problem fixed. There are a number of people on Fiverr who can do this.
https://dl.cdu.edu.ua/user/profile.php?id=10146
http://ftml.nau.edu.ua/forum/welcome-mat/9-loterey-onlain
http://www.iod.gov.ua/profile.php?lookup=1276
https://social.saratov.gov.ru/deti_ozdorovlenie_zanjatost/forum/index.php?PAGE_NAME=profile_view&UID=128174
http://wiki.soippo.edu.ua/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87:Enelblac
https://vatforum.minfin.gov.ua/member.php?action=profile&uid=5183
http://ipi.tspu.edu.ru/user/enelblac/
https://portal.edu-bko.gov.kz/?page_id=97&view=topic&id=36#postid-46
http://www.ved.gov.ru/forum/?&action=showreplies&fid=21&topic=8273
http://kazng.gov.kz/kz/component/kunena/welcome-mat/245-loterei.html
http://www.volodrada.gov.ua/index.php/forum/teretorialna-hromada-volodarky/359-loterey
http://forum.minfin.gov.ua/member.php?action=profile&uid=5183
https://www.wiki.npu.edu.ua/index.php?title=%D0%9A%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B8%D1%81%D1%82%D1%83%D0%B2%D0%B0%D1%87:Enelblac
http://torgi.gov.ru/forum/user/profile/953843.page
http://monrda.gov.ua/index.php/forum/dobro-pozhalovat/89703-loterey-onlain#61343
WordPress Admin Can't Login - 6 Steps To Regain Access To WP's Admin Dashboard
The
WordPress admin area works in exactly the same way as the other parts
of the system - through a login system ("/wp-admin"), you're able to
gain access to the backend dashboard, through which you're able to add
posts etc.
Whilst there are a number of potential causes of the problem, they're all relatively simple to fix.
The most important point to make is that your system *may* have been infected with malware. I've experienced this issue before - hackers inject code into your WordPress system in the hope that it will distribute fake referral traffic for them.
If you have ANY malware issue with WordPress, you'll need to get a technician to look at it. When it happened to us, our sites kept getting attacked and we had to move hosts in the end.
Obviously, malware is not going to be high on the list - the likely problem you have is either a plugin is preventing your login, or some other issue has prevented WordPress from authenticating you.
Causes
As mentioned, there are several common causes which typically lead the admin area to not work:
Whilst PHP has existed for many decades, and is supported by the majority of hosting providers, there are a number of instances where its applications may not run properly.
It's likely the case that your WordPress installation is experiencing this issue, although there are a number of other problems (hosting/malware/coding issues etc) which be causing it, too.
To fix the problem, there are 6 "steps" you can take...
Solution
1. Clear Browser Cache
The first step is to clear your browser's cache.
The "cache" of your browser basically stores websites, login information etc.
It exists to give your browser the ability to "save" the relevant files which allow it to load files/websites faster. You'd be surprised at how crucial it actually it.
It *can* be the case that the admin panel of WordPress hasn't had its cache updated. Whilst a relatively rare issue, still can cause the login issue to occur:
The next step is to gain access to CPanel (or the equivalent control panel for your hosting).
EVERY WordPress has to be hosted somewhere; the way in which you are able to manage the various resources / server is dependent on which type of control panel your host may be running.
The point is that you need access to the files of your system.
With CPanel, this is done with "File Manager"; it may differ depending on the type of hosting you're using...
Once you've gained access to the files, you then need to rename the "plugins" folder.
Renaming this folder gives you the ability to essentially disable any of the plugins that WordPress may be running. Obviously, this may cause temporary issues - but should remove this potential issue from the equation:
4. Change Admin Password In DB
The WordPress system - as mentioned - is built on PHP.
The beauty of the system lies in how it uses a database to store the various information / content for your site.
To this end, if you are having issues loggin in, you may need to change some of the settings inside the database.
Any legitimate host should provide access to database management portal. You can use it with the following:
5. Make Sure You're Not In An HTTPS Redirect Loop
One of the main causes of the admin area "lockout" problem in WordPress is what's known as an "HTTPS redirect loop".
This is basically where you will set your site to use HTTPS, and it will have another redirect facility preventing you from accessing the admin area.
To further this, the way that cookies work is specific to the domain you're accessing. HTTP & HTTPS are considered entirely different entities, and thus logging into one variant does not permit you to access the other.
The fix for this is as follows:
The next step is to replace the WordPress core files in your system.
To do this, we first need to ensure the "config" file for WP ("wp-config.php") is kept secure:
The point is that WordPress is generally quite a flexible platform, and the problem of not being able to access the admin area for your application is certainly not as unique as you may imagine. To this end, it will do your site justice to - perhaps - get a "checkup" from a WordPress company, who will be able to provide you with a rundown of what might be working well, and what may not. They should also be able to address the faulty admin area.
https://oag.treasury.gov.za/RMF/Lists/Framework%20Feedback/DispForm.aspx?ID=2882
http://www.ideam.gov.co/web/ocga/foro/-/message_boards/message/98229759
https://www.tourism.gov.za/Lists/Site%20Feedback/DispForm.aspx?ID=3071
http://gdsr.mof.gov.vn/noidung/hoidap/Lists/DanhSachCauHoi/DispForm.aspx?ID=972
http://www.kzntreasury.gov.za/Lists/FRAUD%20RISK%20ASSESSMENT%20QUESTIONNAIRE/DispForm.aspx?ID=1301
https://www.defensajuridica.gov.co/gestion/GestionFormularios/Lists/EncuestaGestionDefensa/DispForm.aspx?ID=359
https://www2.anm.gov.my/Lists/Soal%20Selidik%20Perakaunan%20Akruan/DispForm.aspx?ID=3992
http://transition.doe.louisiana.gov/Lists/Parental%20Discussions/DispForm.aspx?ID=2687
http://desenvolvimentocolaborativo.sisp.gov.br/index.php/Usu%C3%A1rio:Enelblac
https://pint.ebenefits.va.gov/sep/web/akilaske/home/-/blogs/loterei
https://www.ecda.gov.sg/growatbeanstalk/Lists/Rate%20This%20Website/DispForm.aspx?ID=1641
https://www.gov.bn/Lists/eDarussalam%20Survey/DispForm.aspx?ID=3055
http://www.bansefi.gob.mx/Lists/Encuesta/DispForm.aspx?ID=1072
https://www.fic.gov.za/ContactUs/Lists/Media%20Queries/DispForm.aspx?ID=265
https://forum.geoportal.gov.pl/forum/-/message_boards/message/432952
https://mainecare.maine.gov/Lists/Quarterly%20Dental%20Provider%20Survey/DispForm.aspx?ID=1949
http://gisdata.scag.ca.gov/Lists/AccessRequests/DispForm.aspx?ID=6201
http://disperindag.depok.go.id/forum/index.php?threads/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B8-%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD.11756/
Whilst there are a number of potential causes of the problem, they're all relatively simple to fix.
The most important point to make is that your system *may* have been infected with malware. I've experienced this issue before - hackers inject code into your WordPress system in the hope that it will distribute fake referral traffic for them.
If you have ANY malware issue with WordPress, you'll need to get a technician to look at it. When it happened to us, our sites kept getting attacked and we had to move hosts in the end.
Obviously, malware is not going to be high on the list - the likely problem you have is either a plugin is preventing your login, or some other issue has prevented WordPress from authenticating you.
Causes
As mentioned, there are several common causes which typically lead the admin area to not work:
- Bad update prevented WordPress from updating its core files
- Certain plugins are preventing the login from occurring
- You've set your app to https:// and are continually experiencing a redirect loop
- Your system may have had its files changed on the server
- WordPress may have become infected with malware
Whilst PHP has existed for many decades, and is supported by the majority of hosting providers, there are a number of instances where its applications may not run properly.
It's likely the case that your WordPress installation is experiencing this issue, although there are a number of other problems (hosting/malware/coding issues etc) which be causing it, too.
To fix the problem, there are 6 "steps" you can take...
Solution
1. Clear Browser Cache
The first step is to clear your browser's cache.
The "cache" of your browser basically stores websites, login information etc.
It exists to give your browser the ability to "save" the relevant files which allow it to load files/websites faster. You'd be surprised at how crucial it actually it.
It *can* be the case that the admin panel of WordPress hasn't had its cache updated. Whilst a relatively rare issue, still can cause the login issue to occur:
- Chrome
- Click on the top "vertical dots" menu at the top right of the Chrome Window
- From the drop-down, select "Settings"
- Click on "Advanced" (you'll have to scroll down)
- In the "Privacy and Security" section, select "Clear Browsing Data"
- Check every box and make sure "All Time" is selected
- Click "Clear Data" (blue box)
- Let it clean the cache
- Firefox
- Click on the "Horizontal Lines" menu at the top right of the screen
- Select "Options"
- Select "Privacy" (left sidebar)
- Click "Clear Your Recent History"
- Select all and ensure that "Everything" is selected
- Click "Clear Now"
- Let it clean the cache
- Microsoft Edge
- Click on the "dots" menu at the top right of the Window
- From the drop down, select "Settings"
- Scroll down to "Clear Browsing Data"
- Click the "Choose what to clear" button
- Select all available options and click "Clear"
- Let it clean the cache
The next step is to gain access to CPanel (or the equivalent control panel for your hosting).
EVERY WordPress has to be hosted somewhere; the way in which you are able to manage the various resources / server is dependent on which type of control panel your host may be running.
The point is that you need access to the files of your system.
With CPanel, this is done with "File Manager"; it may differ depending on the type of hosting you're using...
- Log into your hosting provider
- Browse to the control panel and look for any way you can access the "File Manager" of your system
- Download an FTP application (FileZilla was the one I used to use)
- Once downloaded, run the application
- Into the "IP" / "Address" box, type "ftp.yourdomain.com" (or whatever the FTP address is - your host will be able to tell you about it)
- Into the "username" & "password" boxes, you'll need to type your FTP user details (again, your host can help if this is not something you know)
Once you've gained access to the files, you then need to rename the "plugins" folder.
Renaming this folder gives you the ability to essentially disable any of the plugins that WordPress may be running. Obviously, this may cause temporary issues - but should remove this potential issue from the equation:
- Click into the "WordPress" installation folder (you can tell by the presence of "wp-includes" etc inside it).
- When you find the WordPress folder, browse to "wp-content"
- Inside this folder, you'll find the "plugins" folder
- Rename the folder to something like "plugins_bk"
- Go back to your web browser and attempt to log into your WordPress installation again
4. Change Admin Password In DB
The WordPress system - as mentioned - is built on PHP.
The beauty of the system lies in how it uses a database to store the various information / content for your site.
To this end, if you are having issues loggin in, you may need to change some of the settings inside the database.
Any legitimate host should provide access to database management portal. You can use it with the following:
- Click into the "control panel" for your hosting
- Look around for the "database" section (this varies from host to host)
- In most hosting providers, you'll have "PHPMyAdmin" - click this (it allows you to manage your WordPress database)
- From the database which shows, select the one for your WordPress installation
- Browse to the "users" table
- Select your admin account
- In the "password" field, type a new password
- In the "type" field, select MD5
- Click "OK" to save the entry
- Try logging back into your WP installation
5. Make Sure You're Not In An HTTPS Redirect Loop
One of the main causes of the admin area "lockout" problem in WordPress is what's known as an "HTTPS redirect loop".
This is basically where you will set your site to use HTTPS, and it will have another redirect facility preventing you from accessing the admin area.
To further this, the way that cookies work is specific to the domain you're accessing. HTTP & HTTPS are considered entirely different entities, and thus logging into one variant does not permit you to access the other.
The fix for this is as follows:
- In the WordPress Database (as mentioned din Step 4), click on the "wp_options" table
- Look for the "siteurl" option
- Make sure it's "http://... "
- Look for any other references to the site's domain / protocol
- Ensure the "http://... " reference with any that you find
- Clear your browser's cache (step 1)
- Try logging into your system again
The next step is to replace the WordPress core files in your system.
To do this, we first need to ensure the "config" file for WP ("wp-config.php") is kept secure:
- Access the files for WordPress again (from Step #2)
- Browse to your WordPress installation's base folder
- Look for "wp-config.php"
- Download it to your PC
- After doing this, click onto your preferred search engine + look for "WordPress download"
- You should find the "WordPress.org" website
- Click the "download" button (blue)
- Once saved, you'll need to unzip the files into a folder on your system
- Click back onto your hosting file manager
- Select the "WordPress" folder and rename it (something like "wp_bk" or similar)
- From here, create a new "WordPress" folder (with the same name as the original)
- Into this folder, upload all the new WordPress files you downloaded from WP's site
- Copy wp-config.php into the base folder (it should overwrite what's already there)
- Try accessing the site
The point is that WordPress is generally quite a flexible platform, and the problem of not being able to access the admin area for your application is certainly not as unique as you may imagine. To this end, it will do your site justice to - perhaps - get a "checkup" from a WordPress company, who will be able to provide you with a rundown of what might be working well, and what may not. They should also be able to address the faulty admin area.
https://oag.treasury.gov.za/RMF/Lists/Framework%20Feedback/DispForm.aspx?ID=2882
http://www.ideam.gov.co/web/ocga/foro/-/message_boards/message/98229759
https://www.tourism.gov.za/Lists/Site%20Feedback/DispForm.aspx?ID=3071
http://gdsr.mof.gov.vn/noidung/hoidap/Lists/DanhSachCauHoi/DispForm.aspx?ID=972
http://www.kzntreasury.gov.za/Lists/FRAUD%20RISK%20ASSESSMENT%20QUESTIONNAIRE/DispForm.aspx?ID=1301
https://www.defensajuridica.gov.co/gestion/GestionFormularios/Lists/EncuestaGestionDefensa/DispForm.aspx?ID=359
https://www2.anm.gov.my/Lists/Soal%20Selidik%20Perakaunan%20Akruan/DispForm.aspx?ID=3992
http://transition.doe.louisiana.gov/Lists/Parental%20Discussions/DispForm.aspx?ID=2687
http://desenvolvimentocolaborativo.sisp.gov.br/index.php/Usu%C3%A1rio:Enelblac
https://pint.ebenefits.va.gov/sep/web/akilaske/home/-/blogs/loterei
https://www.ecda.gov.sg/growatbeanstalk/Lists/Rate%20This%20Website/DispForm.aspx?ID=1641
https://www.gov.bn/Lists/eDarussalam%20Survey/DispForm.aspx?ID=3055
http://www.bansefi.gob.mx/Lists/Encuesta/DispForm.aspx?ID=1072
https://www.fic.gov.za/ContactUs/Lists/Media%20Queries/DispForm.aspx?ID=265
https://forum.geoportal.gov.pl/forum/-/message_boards/message/432952
https://mainecare.maine.gov/Lists/Quarterly%20Dental%20Provider%20Survey/DispForm.aspx?ID=1949
http://gisdata.scag.ca.gov/Lists/AccessRequests/DispForm.aspx?ID=6201
http://disperindag.depok.go.id/forum/index.php?threads/%D0%9B%D0%BE%D1%82%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B5%D0%B8-%D0%BE%D0%BD%D0%BB%D0%B0%D0%B9%D0%BD.11756/
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)